Исследование спектра ненасыщенных жирных кислот крови у мужчин с наличием инфаркта миокарда или инсульта в анамнезе

Цель    Изучить уровни ненасыщенных жирных кислот (ННЖК) омега-3, -6, -9 в плазме крови у мужчин при установленном диагнозе «инфаркт миокарда» (ИМ) или «инсульт» в анамнезе, а также ассоциации различных типов ННЖК с наличием / отсутствием ИМ или инсульта в анамнезе.
Материал и методы    Набор и обследование участников проводились в рамках многоцентрового одномоментного эпидемиологического исследования ЭССЕ-РФ3. В исследовании приняли участие 900 мужчин (600 – из Новосибирска и 300 – из сельской местности Новосибирской области) в возрасте 35–74 лет. У всех мужчин содержание ННЖК определяли в плазме крови методом газовой хроматографии с масс-селективным детектированием.
Результаты    У мужчин, проживающих в сельских районах, наличие ИМ в анамнезе прямо ассоциировано с уровнем в плазме арахидоновой (C20:4 n-6) ННЖК и обратно – с содержанием докозагексаеновой (C22:6 n-3) и линолевой (C18:2 n-6) ННЖК. У мужчин, проживающих в городе, уровни олеиновой (C18:1 n-9) и мидовой (C20:3 n-9) ННЖК прямо ассоциированы с наличием инсульта в анамнезе.
Заключение    В рамках проведенного сравнительного исследования показаны различия в профиле ННЖК плазмы крови у мужчин в возрасте 35–74 лет с наличием / отсутствием сосудистых осложнений в анамнезе.

1. Бойцов С.А., Драпкина О.М., Шляхто Е.В., Конради А.О., Баланова Ю.А., Жернакова Ю.В. и др. Исследование ЭССЕ-РФ (Эпидемиология сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и их факторов риска в регионах Российской Федерации). Десять лет спустя. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2021;20(5):143-52. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-3007

2. Бадейникова К.К., Мамедов М.Н. Ранние маркеры атеросклероза: предикторы развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений. Профилактическая медицина. 2023;26(1):103-8. DOI: 10.17116/profmed202326011103

3. Сергиенко И.В., Аншелес А.А. Патогенез, диагностика и лечение атеросклероза: практические аспекты. Кардиологический вестник. 2021;16(1):64-72. DOI: 10.17116/Cardiobulletin20211601164

4. World Health Organisation. The top 10 causes of death. [Internet] Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

5. Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Involvement of Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites in the Development of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022;23(3):1308. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031308

6. Chen X, Liu L, Palacios G, Gao J, Zhang N, Li G et al. Plasma metabolomics reveals biomarkers of the atherosclerosis. Journal of Separation Science. 2010;33(17–18):2776–83. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000395

7. Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Clinical significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022;9:998291. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.998291

8. Драпкина О.М., Шальнова С.А., Имаева А.Э., Баланова Ю.А., Максимов С.А., Муромцева Г.А. и др. Эпидемиология сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и их факторов риска в регионах Российской Федерации. Третье исследование (ЭССЕ-РФ-3). Обоснование и дизайн исследования. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2022;21(5):48-57. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3246

9. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;131(4):e29-322. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152

10. Hedayatnia M, Asadi Z, Zare-Feyzabadi R, Yaghooti-Khorasani M, Ghazizadeh H, Ghaffarian-Zirak R et al. Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk among the MASHAD study population. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2020;19(1):42. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01204-y

11. Calder PC. Functional Roles of Fatty Acids and Their Effects on Human Health. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 2015;39(1 Suppl):18S-32S. DOI: 10.1177/0148607115595980

12. Saber H, Yakoob MY, Shi P, Longstreth WT, Lemaitre RN, Siscovick D et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Incident Ischemic Stroke and Its Atherothrombotic and Cardioembolic Subtypes in 3 US Cohorts. Stroke. 2017;48(10):2678–85. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.018235

13. Yuan T, Si S, Li Y, Li W, Chen X, Liu C et al. Roles for circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids in ischemic stroke and modifiable factors: a Mendelian randomization study. Nutrition Journal. 2020;19(1):70. DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00582-4

14. Reiner MF, Baumgartner P, Wiencierz A, Coslovsky M, Bonetti NR, Filipovic MG et al. The Omega-3 Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Correlates Inversely with Ischemic Brain Infarcts in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):651. DOI: 10.3390/nu13020651

15. Andone S, Farczádi L, Imre S, Bajko Z, Moțățăianu A, Maier S et al. Serum Fatty Acids Are Associated with a Higher Risk of Ischemic Stroke. Nutrients. 2023;15(3):585. DOI: 10.3390/nu15030585

16. Yamagata K. Docosahexaenoic acid regulates vascular endothelial cell function and prevents cardiovascular disease. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2017;16(1):118. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0514-6

17. Del Gobbo LC, Imamura F, Aslibekyan S, Marklund M, Virtanen JK, Wennberg M et al. ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Coronary Heart Disease: Pooling Project of 19 Cohort Studies. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2016;176(8):1155–66. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.2925

18. Borges MC, Schmidt AF, Jefferis B, Wannamethee SG, Lawlor DA, Kivimaki M et al. Circulating Fatty Acids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: Individual Participant Data Meta‐Analysis in Up to 16 126 Participants. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020;9(5):e013131. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.119.013131

19. Xuan C, Tian Q-W, Li H, Guo J-J, He G-W, Lun L-M. Serum fatty acids profile and association with early-onset coronary artery disease. Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease. 2021;12:20406223211033102. DOI: 10.1177/20406223211033102

20. Lee JB, Notay K, Klingel SL, Chabowski A, Mutch DM, Millar PJ. Docosahexaenoic acid reduces resting blood pressure but increases muscle sympathetic outflow compared with eicosapentaenoic acid in healthy men and women. American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2019;316(4):H873–81. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00677.2018

21. Mozaffarian D, Wu JHY. (n-3) Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health: Are Effects of EPA and DHA Shared or Complementary? The Journal of Nutrition. 2012;142(3):614S-625S. DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.149633

22. Choi GY, Calder PC. The differential effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on cardiovascular risk factors: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2024;11:1423228. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1423228

23. Shramko VS, Polonskaya YV, Kashtanova EV, Stakhneva EM, Ragino YI. The Short Overview on the Relevance of Fatty Acids for Human Cardiovascular Disorders. Biomolecules. 2020;10(8):1127. DOI: 10.3390/biom10081127

24. Poli A, Agostoni C, Visioli F. Dietary Fatty Acids and Inflammation: Focus on the n-6 Series. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023;24(5):4567. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054567

25. Marklund M, Wu JHY, Imamura F, Del Gobbo LC, Fretts A, De Goede J et al. Biomarkers of Dietary Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 30 Cohort Studies. Circulation. 2019;139(21):2422–36. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038908

26. Oliveras T, Lázaro I, Rueda F, Cediel G, Bhatt DL, Fitó M et al. Circulating linoleic acid at the time of myocardial infarction and risk of primary ventricular fibrillation. Scientific Reports. 2022;12(1):4377. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08453-0

27. Park S, Lee S, Kim Y, Lee Y, Kang MW, Kim K et al. Causal Effects of Serum Levels of n-3 or n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Coronary Artery Disease: Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1490. DOI: 10.3390/nu13051490

28. Marangoni F, Agostoni C, Borghi C, Catapano AL, Cena H, Ghiselli A et al. Dietary linoleic acid and human health: Focus on cardiovascular and cardiometabolic effects. Atherosclerosis. 2020;292:90–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.11.018

29. King IB, Lemaitre RN, Kestin M. Effect of a low-fat diet on fatty acid composition in red cells, plasma phospholipids, and cholesterol esters: investigation of a biomarker of total fat intake. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006;83(2):227–36. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.2.227

30. Mori T, Tanno Y, Kasakura S, Yoshioka K, Nakai N. Serum fatty acids and ischemic stroke subtypes in middle- and late-onset acute stroke patients. Clinical Nutrition Experimental. 2018;22:19–29. DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.09.001

31. Sergeant S, Rahbar E, Chilton FH. Gamma-linolenic acid, Dihommo-gamma linolenic, Eicosanoids and Inflammatory Processes. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2016;785:77–86. DOI: 10.1016/j. ejphar.2016.04.020

32. Huang NK, Biggs ML, Matthan NR, Djoussé L, Longstreth WT, Mukamal KJ et al. Serum Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Incident Stroke: The CHS. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2021;10(22):e022725. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.121.022725

33. Li J, Xia K, Wang Z, Liu Y, Tong Y, Wang Y et al. Essential nutrients and cerebral small vessel diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2023;10:1172587. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1172587

34. Kopf PG, Zhang DX, Gauthier KM, Nithipatikom K, Yi X-Y, Falck JR et al. Adrenic Acid Metabolites as Endogenous Endothelium-Derived and Zona Glomerulosa-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factors. Hypertension. 2010;55(2):547–54. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.144147

35. Mazidi M, Shekoohi N, Katsiki N, Banach M, Meta-analysis Collaboration (Lbpmc) Group TLABP. Omega-6 fatty acids and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Insights from a Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and a Mendelian Randomization Study. Archives of Medical Science. 2021;18(2):466–79. DOI: 10.5114/aoms/136070

36. Delgado GE, März W, Lorkowski S, Von Schacky C, Kleber ME. Omega-6 fatty acids: Opposing associations with risk – The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study. Journal of Clinical Lipidology. 2017;11(4):1082-1090.e14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.05.003

37. Амелина И.П., Соловьева Э.Ю. Окислительный стресс и воспаление как звенья одной цепи у больных с хроническими цереброваскулярными заболеваниями. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2019;119(4):106-14. DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2019119041106

38. Steffen BT, Duprez D, Szklo M, Guan W, Tsai MY. Circulating oleic acid levels are related to greater risks of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Journal of Clinical Lipidology. 2018;12(6):1404–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.08.004

39. Wang X, Zhang L, Sun W, Pei L, Tian M, Liang J et al. Changes of Metabolites in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Its Subtypes. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2021;14:580929. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.580929

40. Mori T, Yoshioka K. Features of serum fatty acids in acute ischaemic stroke patients aged 50 years or older. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2020;20(1):122. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01408-1

41. Kawashima H, Yoshizawa K. The physiological and pathological properties of Mead acid, an endogenous multifunctional n-9 polyunsaturated fatty acid. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2023;22(1):172. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01937-6

42. Gibson RA. Musings about the role dietary fats after 40 years of fatty acid research. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 2018;131:1–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.01.003

43. Astarita G, Jung K-M, Vasilevko V, DiPatrizio NV, Martin SK, Cribbs DH et al. Elevated Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase in Brains of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(10):e24777. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024777

44. Garbaccio JL, Tonaco LAB, Estêvão WG, Barcelos BJ. Aging and quality of life of elderly people in rural areas. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2018;71(Suppl 2):724–32. DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0149

45. Максимова М.Ю., Сазонова В.Ю. Факторы риска, связанные с развитием основных подтипов ишемического инсульта, у мужчин в возрасте от 45 до 74 лет. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2022;122(12-2):5-11. DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20221221225

46. Gorelick PB, Whelton PK, Sorond F, Carey RM. Blood Pressure Management in Stroke. Hypertension. 2020;76(6):1688–95. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14653

47. Wang Q, Xu L, Sun L, Li J, Qin W, Ding G et al. Rural–urban difference in blood pressure measurement frequency among elderly with hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Shandong, China. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 2018;37(1):25. DOI: 10.1186/s41043-018-0155-z

48. Kurobe M, Baba K, Nunohiro T, Ishizaki M, Furudono S, Nakata T et al. Impact of Implementation of a Region-Wide Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Management Clinical Pathway for the Secondary Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation Journal. 2024;88(11):1825–32. DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0338

49. Comelli Medeiros FC, De Sá CA, Chielle EO, Ferretti F, Ascari RA, Peretro G et al. Functional Capacity, Lipid Profile, and Associated Factors in Older Adults Living in Urban and Rural Areas. Journal of Aging Research. 2022;2022:9820221. DOI: 10.1155/2022/9820221

50. Yang Y, Niu L, Amin S, Yasin I. Unemployment and mental health: a global study of unemployment’s influence on diverse mental disorders. Frontiers in Public Health. 2024;12:1440403. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1440403

51. Sanchez Rico M, Plessz M, Airagnes G, Ribet C, Hoertel N, Goldberg M et al. Cardiovascular burden and unemployment: A retrospective study in a large population-based French cohort. PLOS ONE. 2023;18(7):e0288747. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288747

52. Tian D-S, Liu C-C, Wang C-L, Qin C, Wang M-H, Liu W-H et al. Prevalence and risk factors of stroke in China: a national serial crosssectional study from 2003 to 2018. Stroke and Vascular Neurology. 2023;8(3):238–48. DOI: 10.1136/svn-2022-001598