Клинические характеристики и факторы, влияющие на результаты лечения, у пациентов с остановкой сердца во время госпитализации: ретроспективное обсервационное исследование

Цель. Проанализировать клинические характеристики и результаты сердечно-легочной реанимации (СЛР) у пациентов с остановкой сердца во время госпитализации и изучить факторы, влияющие на успешность сердечно-легочной реанимации (СЛР) в данной когорте больных.
Материалы и методы. Было проведено ретроспективное обсервационное исследование. В исследование включались пациенты, потребовавшие проведения реанимационных мероприятий во время госпитализации в период с сентября 2022 года по декабрь 2023 года. Были собраны и проанализированы клинические данные и прогностическая информация, включая возраст, пол, основные заболевания, время остановки сердца, причину остановки сердца, наличие ритма, поддающегося шоку, применение дефибрилляции, продолжительность СЛР (>30 мин), интубация трахеи, кумулятивная доза адреналина и результаты реанимации (восстановление спонтанного кровообращения, выживание до выписки). 
Результаты. В это исследование было включено в общей сложности 323 пациента с остановкой сердца во время госпитализации. После проведения СЛР у 246 пациентов произошло восстановление спонтанного кровообращения, 90 из которых дожили до выписки. Ишемическая болезнь сердца, исходный ритм, поддающийся шоку, наличие ритма, поддающегося шоку во время реанимации, дефибрилляция и экстренная интубация трахеи статистически значимо различались между группами с восстановлением спонтанного кровообращения и без такового (однофакторный анализ, p < 0,001). Возраст был статистически значимым фактором, определяющим выживание пациентов до выписки (p < 0,05). Многофакторный логистический регрессионный анализ показал, что продолжительность СЛР ≥ 30 мин была независимым фактором риска для восстановления спонтанного кровообращения, в то время как более молодой возраст, экстренная интубация трахеи и более низкая кумулятивная доза адреналина были независимыми протективными факторами для восстановления спонтанного кровообращения (p < 0,05).
Заключение. Возраст моложе 60 лет, применение дефибрилляции и экстренная интубация трахеи ассоциированы с повышенной вероятностью восстановления спонтанного кровообращения. Возраст является независимым фактором риска, отрицательно связанным с выживанием после выписки. Клиницисты должны уделять пристальное внимание этим факторам, чтобы улучшить результаты пациентов, перенесших сердечно-легочную реанимацию.

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