Роль модифицируемых сердечно-сосудистых факторов риска в возникновении онкологических заболеваний

Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) и онкологические заболевания (ОЗ) являются ведущими причинами смерти во всем мире и обусловливают весомую нагрузку на экономику многих стран в плане инвалидизации населения и смертности. Для увеличения продолжительности и качества жизни пациентов, выживших после перенесенного онкологического заболевания, а также предупреждения возникновения коморбидной патологии, правильного ведения и корректного информирования пациентов о факторах риска и модификации образа жизни необходимо иметь четкое представление об общности механизмов возникновения ССЗ и рака. Известны общие факторы риска для обеих групп заболеваний: курение, ожирение, сахарный диабет, алкоголь, погрешности в питании и др. Наряду с этим одну из центральных ролей может играть воспаление, так как оно способствует возникновению обеих групп заболеваний и встречается в условиях ожирения, сахарного диабета, артериальной гипертензии и дислипидемии. Дальнейшее понимание взаимодействия между ССЗ и раком позволит создать общие эффективные диагностические и профилактические стратегии, а также безопасные подходы к лечению.

1. World Health Organization. World health statistics 2018: monitoring health for the SDGs. 2018. ISBN 978-92-4-156558-5

2. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2018;68(6):394–424. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21492

3. Lee H, Cho J, Shin DW, Lee S-P, Hwang S-S, Oh J et al. Association of cardiovascular health screening with mortality, clinical outcomes, and health care cost: A nationwide cohort study. Preventive Medicine. 2015;70:19–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.11.007

4. Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Статистика смертности по данным Росстат. Доступно на: https://rosinfostat.ru/smertnost/

5. Van Hemelrijck M, Folkvaljon Y, Adolfsson J, Akre O, Holmberg L, Garmo H et al. Causes of death in men with localized prostate cancer: a nationwide, population-based study. BJU International. 2016;117(3):507–14. DOI: 10.1111/bju.13059

6. Handy CE, Quispe R, Pinto X, Blaha MJ, Blumenthal RS, Michos ED et al. Synergistic Opportunities in the Interplay Between Cancer Screening and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Together We Are Stronger. Circulation. 2018;138(7):727–34. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035516

7. Coutinho AD, Makenbaeva D, Farrelly E, Landsman-Blumberg PB, Lenihan D. Elevated Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Seen in Community-based Oncology Practices in the United States. Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia. 2017;17(10):676–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.06.011

8. Buddeke J, Bots ML, van Dis I, Liem A, Visseren FLJ, Vaartjes I. Trends in comorbidity in patients hospitalised for cardiovascular disease. International Journal of Cardiology. 2017;248:382–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.06.106

9. Al-Kindi SG, Oliveira GH. Prevalence of Preexisting Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Different Types of Cancer. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2016;91(1):81–3. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.09.009

10. Bradshaw PT, Stevens J, Khankari N, Teitelbaum SL, Neugut AI, Gammon MD. Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Breast Cancer Survivors: Epidemiology. 2016;27(1):6–13. DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000394

11. Haque R, Prout M, Geiger AM, Kamineni A, Thwin SS, Avila C et al. Comorbidities and cardiovascular disease risk in older breast cancer survivors. The American Journal of Managed Care. 2014;20(1):86–92. PMID: 24512167

12. Hasin T, Gerber Y, McNallan SM, Weston SA, Kushwaha SS, Nelson TJ et al. Patients With Heart Failure Have an Increased Risk of Incident Cancer. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2013;62(10):881–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.088

13. Бойцов С.А., Ипатов П.В., Калинина A.M., Вергазова Э.К., Ткачева О.Н., Гамбарян М.Г. и др. Организация проведения диспансеризации определенных групп взрослого населения. Методические рекомендации по практической реализации приказа Минздрава России от 3 февраля 2015 года №36АН «Об утверждении порядка проведения диспансеризации определенных групп взрослого населения». – М. 2015, – 111с. Утверждены главным специалистом по профилактической медицине Минздрава России 23 марта 2015 года. Доступно на: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/420265578

14. Зволинская Е.Ю., Кимициди М.Г., Александров А.А. Анализ распространенности факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у студентов. Профилактическая медицина. 2015;18(6):53-7

15. Koene RJ, Prizment AE, Blaes A, Konety SH. Shared Risk Factors in Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer. Circulation. 2016;133(11):1104–14. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020406

16. Frayn K, Bernard S, Spalding K, Arner P. Adipocyte triglyceride turnover is independently associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2012;1(6):e003467. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.112.003467

17. Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Pons H, Quiroz Y, Johnson RJ. The Immunological Basis of Hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension. 2014;27(11):1327–37. DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu142

18. Golia E, Limongelli G, Natale F, Fimiani F, Maddaloni V, Pariggiano I et al. Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Target. Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 2014;16(9):435. DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0435-z

19. Yousuf O, Mohanty BD, Martin SS, Joshi PH, Blaha MJ, Nasir K et al. High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2013;62(5):397–408. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.016

20. Nishida Y, Kubota Y, Iso H, Tamakoshi A, the JACC Study Group. Self-Reported Eczema in Relation with Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese: the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. 2019;26(9):775–82. DOI: 10.5551/jat.46383

21. Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T, MacFadyen JG, Chang WH, Ballantyne C et al. Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;377(12):1119–31. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1707914

22. Ridker PM, MacFadyen JG, Thuren T, Everett BM, Libby P, Glynn RJ et al. Effect of interleukin-1β inhibition with canakinumab on incident lung cancer in patients with atherosclerosis: exploratory results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. 2017;390(10105):1833–42. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32247-X

23. Kamp DW, Shacter E, Weitzman SA. Chronic inflammation and cancer: the role of the mitochondria. Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.). 2011;25(5):400–10, 413. PMID: 21710835

24. Choudhury AR, Singh KK. Mitochondrial determinants of cancer health disparities. Seminars in Cancer Biology. 2017;47:125–46. DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.001

25. Birru Talabi M, Mackey RH, Kuller LH, Dorman JS, Deane KD, Robinson WH et al. Human Leukocyte Antigen Shared Epitope and Inflammation, Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Mortality Among Postmenopausal Women in the Women’s Health Initiative Rheumatoid Arthritis Study. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2017;186(2):245–54. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx087

26. Herrero Rivera D, Nieto-Guerrero Gómez JM, Cacicedo Fernández de Bobadilla J, Delgado D, Rivin del Campo E, Praena-Fernández JM et al. Cardiovascular disease and survival in non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter prospective assessment. Clinical and Translational Oncology. 2019;21(9):1220–30. DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02047-5

27. Гендлин Г.Е., Рязанцева Е. Е Хроническая сердечная недостаточность и риск онкологических заболеваний: существует ли взаимосвязь? Атмосфера. Новости кардиологии. 2013;4:21-4

28. Thanan R, Oikawa S, Hiraku Y, Ohnishi S, Ma N, Pinlaor S et al. Oxidative Stress and Its Significant Roles in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014;16(1):193–217. DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010193

29. Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Liew W-P-P. Nutrients and Oxidative Stress: Friend or Foe? Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2018;2018:9719584. DOI: 10.1155/2018/9719584

30. Litwin SE. Cardiac Remodeling in Obesity. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging. 2010;3(3):275–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.12.004

31. De Onis M, Lobstein T. Defining obesity risk status in the general childhood population: Which cut-offs should we use? International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. 2010;5(6):458–60. DOI: 10.3109/17477161003615583

32. Laskey R, McCarroll M, von Gruenigen V. Obesity-related endometrial cancer: an update on survivorship approaches to reducing cardiovascular death. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2016;123(2):293–8. DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13684

33. Dobbins M, Decorby K, Choi BCK. The Association between Obesity and Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies from 1985 to 2011. ISRN Preventive Medicine. 2013;2013:680536. DOI: 10.5402/2013/680536

34. Berrington de Gonzalez A, Hartge P, Cerhan JR, Flint AJ, Hannan L, MacInnis RJ et al. Body-Mass Index and Mortality among 1.46 Million White Adults. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;363(23):2211–9. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1000367

35. Pischon T, Lahmann PH, Boeing H, Friedenreich C, Norat T, Tjønneland A et al. Body Size and Risk of Colon and Rectal Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2006;98(13):920–31. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djj246

36. Caiazza F, Ryan EJ, Doherty G, Winter DC, Sheahan K. Estrogen Receptors and Their Implications in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Frontiers in Oncology. 2015;5:19. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00019

37. Ackerman SE, Blackburn OA, Marchildon F, Cohen P. Insights into the Link Between Obesity and Cancer. Current Obesity Reports. 2017;6(2):195–203. DOI: 10.1007/s13679-017-0263-x

38. Stefanou N, Papanikolaou V, Furukawa Y, Nakamura Y, Tsezou A. Leptin as a critical regulator of hepatocellular carcinoma development through modulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase. BMC Cancer. 2010;10(1):442. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-442

39. Hou N, Luo J-D. Leptin and cardiovascular diseases: Leptin and cardiovascular diseases. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 2011;38(12):905–13. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05619.x

40. Singh R, Devi S, Gollen R. Role of free radical in atherosclerosis, diabetes and dyslipidaemia: larger-than-life. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 2015;31(2):113–26. DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2558

41. Alman AC, Talton JW, Wadwa RP, Urbina EM, Dolan LM, Hamman RF et al. Inflammation, adiposity, and progression of arterial stiffness in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: The SEARCH CVD Study. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 2018;32(11):995–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.08.004

42. Tsilidis KK, Kasimis JC, Lopez DS, Ntzani EE, Ioannidis JPA. Type 2 diabetes and cancer: umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. BMJ. 2015;350:g7607. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g7607

43. Nagle CM, Crosbie EJ, Brand A, Obermair A, Oehler MK, Quinn M et al. The association between diabetes, comorbidities, body mass index and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among women with endometrial cancer. Gynecologic Oncology. 2018;150(1):99–105. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.006

44. Chen W, Wang S, Tian T, Bai J, Hu Z, Xu Y et al. Phenotypes and genotypes of insulin-like growth factor 1, IGF-binding protein-3 and cancer risk: evidence from 96 studies. European Journal of Human Genetics. 2009;17(12):1668–75. DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.86

45. Reed MJ, Beranek PA, Ghilchik MW, James VH. Estrogen production and metabolism in normal postmenopausal women and postmenopausal women with breast or endometrial cancer. European Journal of Cancer & Clinical Oncology. 1986;22(11):1395–400. DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(86)90151-3

46. Crandall CJ, Hovey KM, Andrews CA, Chlebowski RT, Stefanick ML, Lane DS et al. Breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and cardiovascular events in participants who used vaginal estrogen in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study: Menopause. 2018;25(1):11– 20. DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000956

47. Jaroch J, Rzyczkowska B, Bociąga Z, Łoboz-Rudnicka M, Kruszyńska E, Rychard W et al. Arterial–atrial coupling in untreated hypertension. Blood Pressure. 2015;24(2):72–8. DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2014.986929

48. Stocks T, Van Hemelrijck M, Manjer J, Bjørge T, Ulmer H, Hallmans G et al. Blood Pressure and Risk of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project. Hypertension. 2012;59(4):802–10. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.189258

49. Kang YS, Park YG, Kim BK, Han SY, Jee YH, Han KH et al. Angiotensin II stimulates the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor through the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase pathway in cultured mouse podocytes. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 2006;36(2):377–88. DOI: 10.1677/jme.1.02033

50. Zhang P-Y, Xu X, Li X-C. Cardiovascular diseases: oxidative damage and antioxidant protection. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2014;18(20):3091–6. PMID: 25392110

51. Radišauskas R, Kuzmickienė I, Milinavičienė E, Everatt R. Hypertension, serum lipids and cancer risk: A review of epidemiological evidence. Medicina. 2016;52(2):89–98. DOI: 10.1016/j.medici.2016.03.002

52. Lyu Z, Li N, Wang G, Feng X, Chen S, Su K et al. Independent and joint associations of blood lipids and lipoproteins with lung cancer risk in Chinese males: A prospective cohort study. International Journal of Cancer. 2019;144(12):2972–84. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32051

53. His M, Dartois L, Fagherazzi G, Boutten A, Dupré T, Mesrine S et al. Associations between serum lipids and breast cancer incidence and survival in the E3N prospective cohort study. Cancer Causes & Control. 2017;28(1):77–88. DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0832-4

54. Waluga M, Zorniak M, Fichna J, Kukla M, Hartleb M. Pharmacological and dietary factors in prevention of colorectal cancer. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2018;69(3). DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2018.3.02

55. Warner M, Gustafsson J-A. On Estrogen, Cholesterol Metabolism, and Breast Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2014;370(6):572–3. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcibr1315176

56. Andreassen OA, Zuber V, Thompson WK, Schork AJ, Bettella F, the PRACTICAL Consortium et al. Shared common variants in prostate cancer and blood lipids. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2014;43(4):1205–14. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu090

57. Morris PB, Ference BA, Jahangir E, Feldman DN, Ryan JJ, Bahrami H et al. Cardiovascular Effects of Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarettes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2015;66(12):1378–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.037

58. Conklin DJ, Schick S, Blaha MJ, Carll A, DeFilippis A, Ganz P et al. Cardiovascular injury induced by tobacco products: assessment of risk factors and biomarkers of harm. A Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science compilation. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2019;316(4):H801–27. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00591.2018

59. Cifkova R, Pitha J, Krajcoviechova A, Kralikova E. Is the impact of conventional risk factors the same in men and women? Plea for a more gender-specific approach. International Journal of Cardiology. 2019;286:214–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.01.039

60. Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения. Европейское бюро. Глобальный опрос взрослого населения о потреблении табака: Краткий обзор, 2016 г. Доступно на: https://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/survey/gats/gats_2016-rus-executive-summary-Ru.pdf

61. Джемал А., Винеис П., Брей Ф., Торре Л., Форман Д. Атлас по онкологии. Издание второе. - Атланта: Американское онкологическое общество; 2014. – 135с.. ISBN 978-1-60443-228-2

62. Kitami M, Ali MK. Tobacco, Metabolic and Inflammatory Pathways, and CVD Risk. Global Heart. 2012;7(2):121–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2012.06.004

63. USDA. Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. Part D, Chapter 2. Dietary patterns, foods and nutrients, and health outcomes. Av. at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/pubs/2015_dgac_scientific_report.pdf.2015.

64. Magalhães B, Peleteiro B, Lunet N. Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2012;21(1):15–23. DOI: 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e3283472241

65. Garcia-Larsen V, Morton V, Norat T, Moreira A, Potts JF, Reeves T et al. Dietary patterns derived from principal component analysis (PCA) and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and metaanalysis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2019;73(3):366–86. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0234-7

66. Stampfer M, Jahn JL. Partnerships for Promoting Prevention. Circulation. 2013;127(12):1267–9. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001288

67. Wang T, Lee HG. Advances in Research on cis-9, trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid: A Major Functional Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomer. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2015;55(5):720–31. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.674071

68. Schwingshackl L, Schwedhelm C, Galbete C, Hoffmann G. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2017;9(10):1063. DOI: 10.3390/nu9101063

69. Wood AD, Strachan AA, Thies F, Aucott LS, Reid DM, Hardcastle AC et al. Patterns of dietary intake and serum carotenoid and tocopherol status are associated with biomarkers of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk. British Journal of Nutrition. 2014;112(8):1341–52. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114514001962

70. Lordan R, Tsoupras A, Zabetakis I. The Potential Role of Dietary Platelet-Activating Factor Inhibitors in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Advances in Nutrition. 2019;10(1):148–64. DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy090

71. Baena Ruiz R, Salinas Hernández P. Diet and cancer: Risk factors and epidemiological evidence. Maturitas. 2014;77(3):202–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.11.010

72. Salehi B, Martorell M, Arbiser J, Sureda A, Martins N, Maurya P et al. Antioxidants: Positive or Negative Actors? Biomolecules. 2018;8(4):124. DOI: 10.3390/biom8040124

73. Toma A, Paré G, Leong DP. Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease: How Much is Too Much? Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 2017;19(3):13. DOI: 10.1007/s11883-017-0647-0

74. O’Keefe JH, Bhatti SK, Bajwa A, DiNicolantonio JJ, Lavie CJ. Alcohol and Cardiovascular Health: The Dose Makes the Poison… or the Remedy. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2014;89(3):382–93. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005

75. Bagnardi V, Rota M, Botteri E, Tramacere I, Islami F, Fedirko V et al. Light alcohol drinking and cancer: a meta-analysis. Annals of Oncology. 2013;24(2):301–8. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds337

76. Zaridze D, Brennan P, Boreham J, Boroda A, Karpov R, Lazarev A et al. Alcohol and cause-specific mortality in Russia: a retrospective case–control study of 48 557 adult deaths. The Lancet. 2009;373(9682):2201–14. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61034-5

77. Matejcic M, Gunter MJ, Ferrari P. Alcohol metabolism and oesophageal cancer: a systematic review of the evidence. Carcinogenesis. 2017;38(9):859–72. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx067

78. Che L, Li D. The Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Biomarkers: New Insights, Recent Data, and Applications. In: Exercise for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment. Series Title: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. [ISBN: 978-981-10-4306- 2. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_3]. Xiao J, editor -Singapore: Springer Singapore;2017.

79. Nakitanda A.O., Xuereb G., Armstrong T. Растущее бремя неинфекционных заболеваний и роль физической активности. Профилактическая медицина. 2014;17(1):12-7

80. Schmid D, Behrens G, Keimling M, Jochem C, Ricci C, Leitzmann M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity and endometrial cancer risk. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2015;30(5):397–412. DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0017-6

81. Заридзе Д.Г Профилактика рака. Руководство для врачей. - М.:ИМА-Пресс, 2009. - 224с. ISBN 978-5-904356-05-7

82. MacCallum-Carter L. Как найти выход из эпидемии физической пассивности. Профилактическая медицина. 2014;17(1):28-30

83. Eriksson M, Johnson O, Boman K, Hallmans G, Hellsten G, Nilsson TK et al. Improved fibrinolytic activity during exercise may be an effect of the adipocyte-derived hormones leptin and adiponectin. Thrombosis Research. 2008;122(5):701–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2008.01.010

84. Howard BJ, Hurtig-Wennlöf A, Olsson LA, Nilsson TK, Dunstan DW, Wennberg P. Self-Reported Sitting Time, Physical Activity and Fibrinolytic and Other Novel Cardio-Metabolic Biomarkers in Active Swedish Seniors. PLOS ONE. 2016;11(9):e0163409. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163409

85. Avan A, Tavakoly Sany SB, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Rahimi HR, Tajfard M, Ferns G. Serum C-reactive protein in the prediction of cardiovascular diseases: Overview of the latest clinical studies and public health practice. Journal of Cellular Physiology. 2018;233(11):8508– 25. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26791