Effect of Myocardial Reperfusion on Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background. During the restoration of blood flow in the ischemic area of the myocardium, viable cardiomyocytes are damaged over a few minutes of tissue reperfusion (reperfusion myocardial damage). It is known that ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) develops in 11–19 % of patients who have undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in symptomatic coronary heart disease (CHD). To present day, the influence of myocardial reperfusion on IMR in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is not fully understood.

Objective. To study dynamics of quantitative indicators of IMR in patients with AMI after myocardial reperfusion.

Materials and methods. We included in this study 68 patients with AMI and IMR aged 36–79 years, who were hospitalized in cardiac intensive care unit of the Moscow S. S. Yudin hospital in 2016. All patients before and on the 7th day after PCI underwent doppler echocardiography study with calculation of quantitative parameters of IMR and index of local contractility (ILC) of the left ventricle (LV).

Results. Three groups of patients were identified based on the analysis of the dynamics of quantitative parameters of IMR after myocardial reperfusion: group 1 – patients who had a decrease in IMR (n=23, 33.8 %), group 2 – patients with increase of IMR (n=28, 41.1 %), group 3 – patients with unchanged IMR (n=17, 25.1 %). The study of systolicLV function in all patients before PCI revealed moderately decreased ejection fraction (EF) (mean 49.05±1.19 %). On day 7 after myocardial reperfusion in group 2 we detected significant increases of end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and the volume of the left atrium (LA), while in groups 1 and 3 these indexes remained unchanged. LV ILC did not differ between three groups, both at admission and on day 7 after reperfusion (p>0.05). There was no correlation between severity of IMR and ILC (correlation coefficient 0.24).

Conclusion. Dynamics of quantitative parameters of IMR in 7 days after myocardial reperfusion in patients with AMI without endogenous and drug protection of the myocardium from reperfusion injury was multidirectional. IMR decreased in 33.8, increased in 41.1 and did not change in 25.1 % of patients. Systolic function and LV ILC underwent no significant dynamics.   

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