Myocardial revascularization in chronic coronary artery disease. State of art
https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2023.6.n2263
Abstract
The review addresses debatable issues of myocardial revascularization in chronic forms of ischemic heart disease, shows major differences between percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting in terms of long-term prognosis, and the dependence of the results on the clinical profile of the disease. The review of current publications demonstrates advantages of open surgery in long-term survival and prevention of adverse outcomes in target groups of patients.
Keywords
About the Authors
N. V. PopovaRussian Federation
Junior Researcher, Cardiologist
Competing Interests:
Конфликт интересов отсутствует
V. A. Popov
Russian Federation
Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Cardiovascular Surgeon, Head of the Department of Cardio surgery in A.V. Vishnevsky NMRC of Surgery;
Professor of Angiology, Cardiovascular surgery, and
Arrhythmology Department of RMA CPE
A. S. Revishvili
Russian Federation
Professor, Academician of RAS, Cardiovascular Surgeon, Director of A.V. Vishnevsky NMRC of Surgery;
Head of Angiology, Cardiovascular surgery, and Arrhythmology
Department of RMA CPE
References
1. Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A, Capodanno D, Barbato E, FunckBrentano C et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. European Heart Journal. 2020;41(3):407–77. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz425
2. Yusuf S, Zucker D, Passamani E, Peduzzi P, Takaro T, Fisher LD et al. Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: overview of 10-year results from randomised trials by the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Trialists Collaboration. The Lancet. 1994;344(8922):563–70. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91963-1
3. Grüntzig A. Transluminal dilatation of coronary-artery stenosis. The Lancet. 1978;1(8058):263. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(78)90500-7
4. Ohri SK, Benedetto U, Luthra S, Grant SW, Goodwin AT, Trivedi U et al. Coronary artery bypass surgery in the UK, trends in activity and outcomes from a 15-year complete national series. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2022;61(2):449–56. DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezab391
5. Neumann F-J, Sousa-Uva M, Ahlsson A, Alfonso F, Banning AP, Benedetto U et al. 2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. European Heart Journal. 2019;40(2):87–165. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy394
6. Collet J-P, Thiele H, Barbato E, Barthélémy O, Bauersachs J, Bhatt DL et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. European Heart Journal. 2021;42(14):1289–367. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa575
7. Davies RF, Goldberg AD, Forman S, Pepine CJ, Knatterud GL, Geller N et al. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) Study Two-Year Follow-up: Outcomes of Patients Randomized to Initial Strategies of Medical Therapy Versus Revascularization. Circulation. 1997;95(8):2037–43. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.95.8.2037
8. Stergiopoulos K, Boden WE, Hartigan P, Möbius-Winkler S, Hambrecht R, Hueb W et al. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Out-comes in Patients With Stable Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Ischemia: A Collaborative Meta-analysis of Contemporary Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2014;174(2):232–40. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.12855
9. Sipahi I, Akay MH, Dagdelen S, Blitz A, Alhan C. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting vs Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Long-term Mortality and Morbidity in Multivessel Disease: Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials of the Arterial Grafting and Stenting Era. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2014;174(2):223–30. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.12844
10. Leavitt BJ, Sheppard L, Maloney C, Clough RA, Braxton JH, Charlesworth DC et al. Effect of Diabetes and Associated Conditions on Long-Term Survival After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Circulation. 2004;110(11 Suppl 1):II41-4. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000138197.07051.e7
11. Doenst T, Sigusch H. Surgical collateralization: The hidden mechanism for improving prognosis in chronic coronary syndromes. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2022;163(2):703-708.e2. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.10.121
12. Ambrose JA, Tannenbaum MA, Alexopoulos D, Hjemdahl-Monsen CE, Leavy J, Weiss M et al. Angiographic progression of coronary artery disease and the development of myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1988;12(1):56–62. DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(88)90356-7
13. Taggart DP, Benedetto U, Gerry S, Altman DG, Gray AM, Lees B et al. Bilateral versus Single Internal-Thoracic-Artery Grafts at 10 Years. New England Journal of Medicine. 2019;380(5):437–46. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808783
14. Gaudino M, Benedetto U, Fremes S, Biondi-Zoccai G, Sedrakyan A, Puskas JD et al. Radial-Artery or Saphenous-Vein Grafts in Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery. New England Journal of Medicine. 2018;378(22):2069–77. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1716026
15. Doenst T, Haverich A, Serruys P, Bonow RO, Kappetein P, Falk V et al. PCI and CABG for Treating Stable Coronary Artery Disease: JACC Review Topic of the Week. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019;73(8):964–76. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.053
16. Park S-J, Ahn J-M, Kim Y-H, Park D-W, Yun S-C, Lee J-Y et al. Trial of Everolimus-Eluting Stents or Bypass Surgery for Coronary Disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(13):1204–12. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1415447
17. Park SJ, Ahn JM. Everolimus-Eluting Stents or Bypass Surgery for Coronary Disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;373(6):581– 2. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1506944
18. Stone GW, Sabik JF, Serruys PW, Simonton CA, Généreux P, Puskas J et al. Everolimus-Eluting Stents or Bypass Surgery for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016;375(23):2223–35. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1610227
19. Mäkikallio T, Holm NR, Lindsay M, Spence MS, Erglis A, Menown IBA et al. Percutaneous coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass grafting in treatment of unprotected left main stenosis (NOBLE): a prospective, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial. The Lancet. 2016;388(10061):2743–52. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32052-9
20. Farkouh ME, Domanski M, Sleeper LA, Siami FS, Dangas G, Mack M et al. Strategies for Multivessel Revascularization in Patients with Diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2012;367(25):2375–84. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1211585
21. Farkouh ME, Domanski M, Dangas GD, Godoy LC, Mack MJ, Siami FS et al. Long-Term Survival Following Multivessel Revascularization in Patients With Diabetes: The FREEDOM follow-on study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019;73(6):629–38. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.001
22. Bianco V, Kilic A, Mulukutla SR, Gleason TG, Kliner D, Aranda-Michel E et al. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting vs Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Diabetes. Seminars in Thora cic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2021;33(2):368–77. DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.07.003
23. Head SJ, Milojevic M, Daemen J, Ahn J-M, Boersma E, Christiansen EH et al. Mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting for coronary artery disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. The Lancet. 2018;391(10124):939–48. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30423-9
24. Gallo M, Blitzer D, Laforgia PL, Doulamis IP, Perrin N, Bortolussi G et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass graft for left main coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2022;163(1):94-105.e15. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.010
25. De Filippo O, Di Franco A, Boretto P, Bruno F, Cusenza V, Desalvo P et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery surgery for left main disease according to lesion site: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2021;S00225223(21)01238-1. [Epub ahead of print]. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.08.040
26. Gaudino M, Di Franco A, Spadaccio C, Rahouma M, Robinson NB, Demetres M et al. Difference in spontaneous myocardial infarction and mortality in percutaneous versus surgical revascularization trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2023;165(2):662-669.e14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.04.062
27. Sun LY, Gaudino M, Chen RJ, Bader Eddeen A, Ruel M. Long-term Outcomes in Patients With Severely Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention vs Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. JAMA Cardiology. 2020;5(6):631–41. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0239
28. Ruel M, Farkouh ME. Why NOBLE and EXCEL Are Consistent With Each Other and With Previous Trials. Circulation. 2017;135(9):822–4. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.027159
29. Lamelas P, Belardi J, Whitlock R, Stone GW. Limitations of Repeat Revascularization as an Outcome Measure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019;74(25):3164–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.041
30. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Chaitman BR, Bax JJ, Morrow DA et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). European Heart Journal. 2019;40(3):237–69. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy462
31. Genereux P, Serruys P, Kappetein A, Boven AV, Hickey M, Kandzari D et al. Differences and level of agreement in SYNTAX Score assessment between site operators and angiographic core laboratory readers: insights from the EXCEL trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017;69(11):1147. DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(17)34536-9
32. Pinho-Gomes A-C, Azevedo L, Ahn J-M, Park S-J, Hamza TH, Farkouh ME et al. Compliance With Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy in Contemporary Coronary Revascularization Trials. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018;71(6):591–602. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.068
33. Lee PH, Ahn J-M, Chang M, Baek S, Yoon S-H, Kang S-J et al. Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Secular Trends in Patient Characteristics, Treatments, and Outcomes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2016;68(11):1233–46. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.05.089
34. Ngu JMC, Sun LY, Ruel M. Pivotal contemporary trials of percutaneous coronary intervention vs. coronary artery bypass grafting: a surgical perspective. Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2018;7(4):527–32. DOI: 10.21037/acs.2018.05.12
35. Serruys PW, Morice M-C, Kappetein AP, Colombo A, Holmes DR, Mack MJ et al. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting for Severe Coronary Artery Disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009;360(10):961–72. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804626
36. Buszman PE, Kiesz SR, Bochenek A, Peszek-Przybyla E, Szkrobka I, Debinski M et al. Acute and Late Outcomes of Unprotected Left Main Stenting in Comparison With Surgical Revascularization. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2008;51(5):538–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.054
37. Ahn J-M, Roh J-H, Kim Y-H, Park D-W, Yun S-C, Lee PH et al. Randomized Trial of Stents Versus Bypass Surgery for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2015;65(20):2198–206. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.033
38. Boudriot E, Thiele H, Walther T, Liebetrau C, Boeckstegers P, Pohl T et al. Randomized Comparison of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Sirolimus-Eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Unprotected Left Main Stem Stenosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2011;57(5):538–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.038
39. Capodanno D, Stone GW, Morice MC, Bass TA, Tamburino C. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Left Main Coronary Artery Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2011;58(14):1426–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.07.005
40. Esper RB, Farkouh ME, Ribeiro EE, Hueb W, Domanski M, Hamza TH et al. SYNTAX Score in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Coronary Revascularization in the FREEDOM Trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018;72(23 Pt A):2826–37. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.046
41. Kassimis G, Bourantas CV, Tushar R, de Maria GL, Davlouros P, Hahalis G et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention vs. cardiac surgery in diabetic patients. Where are we now and where should we be going? Hellenic Journal of Cardiology. 2017;58(3):178–89. DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2017.01.028
42. Kalra K, Chen EP. Commentary: Finding the Sweeter Fruit: Optimal Treatment of Diabetics With CAD. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2021;33(2):380–1. DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.09.017
43. BARI Investigators. The Final 10-Year Follow-Up Results From the BARI Randomized Trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2007;49(15):1600–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.11.048
44. Asai T. Commentary: Spontaneous myocardial infarctions and the vital choice: Bypass or stent. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2023;165(2):670–1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.05.005
45. Lytle B, Gaudino M. Fractional Flow Reserve for Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Circulation. 2020;142(14):1315–6. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050818
46. Elgendy IY, Mahtta D, Pepine CJ. Medical Therapy for Heart Failure Caused by Ischemic Heart Disease. Circulation Research. 2019;124(11):1520–35. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313568
47. Bakaeen FG, Gaudino M, Whitman G, Doenst T, Ruel M, Taggart DP et al. 2021: The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Expert Consensus Document: Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2021;162(3):829-850.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.04.052
48. Velazquez EJ, Lee KL, Deja MA, Jain A, Sopko G, Marchenko A et al. Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction. New England Journal of Medicine. 2011;364(17):1607–16. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1100356
49. Velazquez EJ, Lee KL, Jones RH, Al-Khalidi HR, Hill JA, Panza JA et al. Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016;374(16):1511–20. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1602001
50. Wolff G, Dimitroulis D, Andreotti F, Kołodziejczak M, Jung C, Scicchitano P et al. Survival Benefits of Invasive Versus Conservative Strategies in Heart Failure in Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2017;10(1):e003255. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAIL-URE.116.003255
51. Bangalore S, Guo Y, Samadashvili Z, Blecker S, Hannan EL. Revascularization in Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease and Severe Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction: Everolimus-Eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Circulation. 2016;133(22):2132–40. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.021168
52. Völz S, Redfors B, Angerås O, Ioanes D, Odenstedt J, Koul S et al. Long-term mortality in patients with ischaemic heart failure revascularized with coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR). European Heart Journal. 2021;42(27):2657–64. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab273
53. Gaudino M, Castelvecchio S, Rahouma M, Robinson NB, Audisio K, Soletti GJ et al. Long-term results of surgical ventricular reconstruction and comparison with the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure trial. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2022;S0022-5223(22)00493-7. [Epub ahead of print]. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.04.016
54. Habib RH, Dimitrova KR, Badour SA, Yammine MB, El-Hage-Sleiman A-KM, Hoffman DM et al. CABG Versus PCI: greater benefit in long-term outcomes with multiple arterial bypass grafting. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2015;66(13):1417–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.060
55. Raja SG, Benedetto U, Ilsley CD, Amrani M. Multiple arterial grafting confers survival advantage compared to percutaneous intervention with drug-eluting stents in multivessel coronary artery disease: A propensity score adjusted analysis. International Journal of Cardiology. 2015;189:153–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.059
56. Rocha RV, Fang J, Tam DY, Elbatarny M, Austin PC, Gaudino MFL et al. Multiple arterial coronary bypass grafting is associated with better survival compared with second-generation drug-eluting stents in patients with stable multivessel coronary artery disease. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2021;S0022-5223(21)018134. [Epub ahead of print]. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.12.026
57. Gaudino M, Taggart DP. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention vs Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Surgical Perspective. JAMA Cardiology. 2019;4(6):505–6. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.1046
58. Bianco V, Kilic A, Aranda-Michel E, Serna-Gallegos D, Ferdinand F, Dunn-Lewis C et al. Complete revascularization during coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with reduced major adverse events. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2021;S00225223(21)00900-4. [Epub ahead of print]. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.05.046
59. Sabik JF, Bakaeen FG, Ruel M, Moon MR, Malaisrie SC, Calhoon JH et al. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery and The Society of Thoracic Surgeons reasoning for not endorsing the 2021 ACC/ AHA/SCAI Coronary Revascularization Guidelines. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2022;163(4):1362–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.12.025
60. Maron DJ, Hochman JS, Reynolds HR, Bangalore S, O’Brien SM, Boden WE et al. Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(15):1395–407. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1915922
61. Hannan EL, Racz MJ, Gold J, Cozzens K, Stamato NJ, Powell T et al. Adherence of Catheterization Laboratory Cardiologists to American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: What Happens in Actual Practice? Circulation. 2010;121(2):267–75. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.887539
Review
For citations:
Popova N.V., Popov V.A., Revishvili A.S. Myocardial revascularization in chronic coronary artery disease. State of art. Kardiologiia. 2023;63(6):3-13. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2023.6.n2263