The state of platelet and plasma hemostasis as a predictor of coronary blood flow in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Aim      To study the relationship of the platelet function and plasma homeostasis with the blood flow in the infarct-related artery (IRA) and with the course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Material and methods  This study included 93 patients with AMI (75 patients with ST-elevation AMI and 18 patients without ST segment elevation). 63 patients had TIMI 0-1 blood flow in the IRA and 30 patients had TIMI 2–3. Rotational thromboelastometry, impedance aggregometry, the endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDVD) test, and the thrombodynamics test were performed for all patients. The primary clinical endpoint included the totality of in-hospital complications of AMI, and the secondary endpoint included the totality of out-of-hospital complications of AMI. Major bleedings (BARC 3-5) and minor bleedings (BARC 1-2) were evaluated separately.

Results Patients with IRA TIMI 0–1 flow were characterized by a shorter blood clotting time (BCT), larger thrombus size and density, more intense platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid and ADP, and lower values of the EDVD test. It was found that the parameters of platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AUC Asa) in combination with BCT allowed assessment of the severity of IRA blood flow disorder (sensitivity 76 %, specificity 71 %) in patients with AMI, regardless of the presence of ST segment elevation on the ECG. In addition, the incidence of the primary endpoint was greater in patients with IRA TIMI 0–1 flow (41.3% and 16.7%, respectively; p=0.015). In patients with TIMI 2–3 flow in the long-term period of the disease, the incidence of minor bleedings was significantly higher (8.5% and 30.4 %, respectively; p=0.045).

Conclusion      Compared to patients with preserved blood flow, patients with AMI and IRA TIMI 0–1 flow are characterized by endothelial dysfunction and more intense processes of thrombogenesis and platelet aggregation. It has been shown for the first time that the combination of two simple criteria for assessing hemostasis (AUC Asa; BCT) allows assessment of the degree of IRA blood flow disorder in patients with AMI.

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