Myocardial revascularization in Russian Federation for acute coronary syndrome in 2016-2020

Aim    To analyze the number of cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) [ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (nSTEACS)] and results of myocardial revascularization for ACS as a part of the monitoring performed by the Ministry of Health Care of Russia*. This analysis allows, on one hand, providing control of morbidity and mortality of patients with socially significant pathologies and, on the other hand, monitoring the effectivity of treatments to identify and correct their shortcomings. Time-related changes in results of myocardial revascularization performed for ACS patients in the Russian Federation in 2020 were analyzed and compared with the values of 2016-2019 based on data of the Russian Ministry of Health Care monitoring.
Material and methods    Yearly absolute, relative, and calculated indices of revascularization for ACS were analyzed and compared based on data of the Russian Ministry of Health Care monitoring in 2016-2020.
Results    In the Russian Federation in 2020, the lowest number of hospitalizations for ACS (403, 931) was recorded with an unprecedented ratio of 1 / 1.8 for STEMI/nSTEACS, respectively. In Russia in 2020, the proportion of primary percutaneous coronary interventions (pPCI) for STEMI continued growing; it reached 44% and peaked to the maximum for 2016–2020. At the same time, the thrombolytic therapy (TLT) remained essential in the structure of reperfusion strategies during those years (24.0–27.3 % of all STEMI cases). Total death rate of admitted patients with STEMI in Russia was stable at the level of 13.1–14.6 %. In 2020, there were no significant differences in quality indexes of the treatment for STEMI from the previous period (2016–2019). A yearly relative increase in the number of PCIs for STEACS (from 16 % in 2016 to 30 % in 2020 and from 30% to 46% for high-risk nSTEACS) was observed. In 2020, a significant increase in death rate was observed for nSTEACS as a whole (to 4.1 %) and for individual subgroups (high-risk nSTEACS, to 4.5 %; after PCI for nSTEACS, to 1.8 %; and after PCI for high-risk nSTEACS, to 2.8 %) whereas mean death rate values in these subgroups in 2016-2019 were 2.75 %, 3.45 %, 1.5 %, and 2.3 %, respectively.
Conclusion    The analysis of revascularization indexes in ACS patients based on the Ministry of Health Care of Russia monitoring performed in 2016–2020 showed a number of positive trends, including an increase in the total number of revascularization procedures; a decrease in the time from the disease onset to the endovascular treatment; an increase in the availability of stenting for severe ACS; and general stabilization of the mortality. On the other hand, the Russian Federation is considerably behind European countries in several qualitative and quantitative parameters of health care in ACS, such as pPCI availability, symptom-to-balloon time, total mortality of all hospitalized STEMI patients, and revascularization for nSTEACS. Despite the gradual improvement of relative quantitative indexes of myocardial revascularization for ACS, negative changes in the absolute number of myocardial revascularizations for various forms of ACS and a notable increase in the death rate in nSTEACS were observed in 2020, including patients after PCI. There is no doubt that the negative results of myocardial revascularization in Russia in 2020 were due to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.

* monitoring of measures to reduce the mortality from ischemic heart disease (letters of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation of 13.03.2015 # 17–6 /10 / 1–177 and of 24.07.2015 # 17–9 / 10 / 2–4128), which includes monthly collection of data on the Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics portal, the Automated System for Monitoring of Medical Statistics, at http://asmms.mednet.ru.

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