Decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: overcoming barriers to improve prognosis in the “vulnerable” period after discharge
https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2021.12.n1860
Abstract
Frequency of hospitalizations for decompensated heart failure (HF) and associated costs are steadily increasing worldwide. An episode of HF is a risk marker, reflects a change in the course of disease, a high probability of adverse events, and requirement for using all options to improve the prognosis. This article discusses barriers and ways to overcome them in managing HF patients with low ejection fraction. An evidence-based, disease-modifying therapy exists for this HF phenotype. Administration of the therapy along with additional, novel drugs that improve outcomes, and organization of medical care are essential during the “vulnerable period” after discharge from the hospital.
Keywords
About the Authors
S. V. VillevaldeRussian Federation
MD, PhD, doctor of medical sciences, professor, head of the analysis and prospective planning service of the Division of the federal projects implementation, Head of the Department of Cardiology of the Faculty of Training of Highly Qualified Personnel of the Institute of Medical Education
A. E. Soloveva
Russian Federation
MD, PhD, associate professor at the Department of Cardiology Cardiology of the Faculty of Training of Highly Qualified Personnel of the Institute of Medical Education, head of the Department of Scientific Support and Workforce supply of the Division of the federal projects implementation
References
1. Bragazzi NL, Zhong W, Shu J, Abu Much A, Lotan D, Grupper A et al. Burden of heart failure and underlying causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2021;zwaa147. [Epub ahead of print]. DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa147
2. Tereshchenko S.N., Galyavich A.S., Uskach T.M., Ageev F.T., Arutyunov G.P., Begrambekova Yu.L. et al. 2020 Clinical practice guidelines for Chronic heart failure. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(11):311–74. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4083
3. Juenger J, Schellberg D, Kraemer S, Haunstetter A, Zugck C, Herzog W et al. Health related quality of life in patients with congestive heart failure: comparison with other chronic diseases and relation to functional variables. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2002;87(3):235–41. DOI: 10.1136/heart.87.3.235
4. Mamas MA, Sperrin M, Watson MC, Coutts A, Wilde K, Burton C et al. Do patients have worse outcomes in heart failure than in cancer? A primary care-based cohort study with 10-year follow-up in Scotland. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2017;19(9):1095–104. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.822
5. Dunlay SM, Redfield MM, Weston SA, Therneau TM, Hall Long K, Shah ND et al. Hospitalizations After Heart Failure Diagnosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2009;54(18):1695–702. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.019
6. Jones NR, Roalfe AK, Adoki I, Hobbs FDR, Taylor CJ. Survival of patients with chronic heart failure in the community: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2019;21(11):1306–25. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1594
7. Polyakov D.S., Fomin I.V., Belenkov Yu.N., Mareev V.Yu., Ageev F.T., Artemjeva E.G. et al. Chronic heart failure in the Russian Federation: what has changed over 20 years of follow-up? Results of the EPOCHCHF study. Kardiologiia. 2021;61(4):4–14. DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2021.4.n1628
8. Pocock SJ, Ariti CA, McMurray JJV, Maggioni A, Køber L, Squire IB et al. Predicting survival in heart failure: a risk score based on 39 372 patients from 30 studies. European Heart Journal. 2013;34(19):1404– 13. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs337
9. Lawson CA, Zaccardi F, Squire I, Ling S, Davies MJ, Lam CSP et al. 20-year trends in cause-specific heart failure outcomes by sex, socioeconomic status, and place of diagnosis: a population-based study. The Lancet Public Health. 2019;4(8):e406–20. DOI: 10.1016/S24682667(19)30108-2
10. Butler J, Yang M, Manzi MA, Hess GP, Patel MJ, Rhodes T et al. Clinical Course of Patients with Worsening Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019;73(8):935–44. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.049
11. Hollenberg SM, Warner Stevenson L, Ahmad T, Amin VJ, Bozkurt B, Butler J et al. 2019 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Risk Assessment, Management, and Clinical Trajectory of Patients Hospitalized with Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019;74(15):1966–2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.08.001
12. Mareev V.Yu., Ageev F.T., Arutyunov G.P., Koroteev A.V., Mareev Yu.V., Ovchinnikov A.G. et al. SEHF, RSC and RSMSIM national guidelines on CHF diagnostics and treatment (fourth revision) Approved at the SEHF Congress on December 7, 2012, at the SEHF Board of Directors meeting on March 31, 2013, and at the RSC Congress on September 25, 2013. Russian Heart Failure Journal. 2013;14(7):379–472.
13. Hall MJ, Levant S, DeFrances CJ. Hospitalization for congestive heart failure: United States, 2000-2010. NCHS data brief. 2012;108:1–8. PMID: 23102190
14. Johansen H, Strauss B, Arnold JMO, Moe G, Liu P. On the rise: The current and projected future burden of congestive heart failure hospitalization in Canada. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2003;19(4):430–5. PMID: 12704491
15. Sayago-Silva I, García-López F, Segovia-Cubero J. Epidemiology of Heart Failure in Spain Over the Last 20 Years. Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition). 2013;66(8):649–56. DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2013.03.012
16. Sierpiński R, Sokolska JM, Suchocki T, Koń B, Urbański F, Kruk M et al. 10 year trends in hospitalization rates due to heart failure and related in‐hospital mortality in Poland (2010–2019). ESC Heart Failure. 2020;7(6):3365–73. DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13060
17. Agarwal MA, Fonarow GC, Ziaeian B. National Trends in Heart Failure Hospitalizations and Readmissions From 2010 to 2017. JAMA Cardiology. 2021;6(8):952. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.7472
18. National Guideline Centre (Great Britain), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Great Britain). Chronic heart failure in adults: diagnosis and management. -London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK);2018. ISBN 978-1-4731-3093-7
19. Mareev V.Yu., Fomin I.V., Ageev F.T., Arutiunov G.P., Begrambekova Yu.L., Belenkov Yu.N. et al. Clinical guidelines. Chronic heart failure (CHF). Russian Heart Failure Journal. 2017;18(1):3–40. DOI: 10.18087/rhfj.2017.1.2346
20. Conrad N, Judge A, Tran J, Mohseni H, Hedgecott D, Crespillo AP et al. Temporal trends and patterns in heart failure incidence: a population-based study of 4 million individuals. The Lancet. 2018;391(10120):572–80. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32520-5
21. Greene SJ, Mentz RJ, Felker GM. Outpatient Worsening Heart Failure as a Target for Therapy: A Review. JAMA Cardiology. 2018;3(3):252– 9. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.5250
22. Koudstaal S, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Denaxas S, Gho JMIH, Shah AD, Yu N et al. Prognostic burden of heart failure recorded in primary care, acute hospital admissions, or both: a population-based linked electronic health record cohort study in 2.1 million people. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2017;19(9):1119–27. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.709
23. Bello NA, Claggett B, Desai AS, McMurray JJV, Granger CB, Yusuf S et al. Influence of Previous Heart Failure Hospitalization on Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Reduced and Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2014;7(4):590–5. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.001281
24. Solomon SD, Claggett B, Packer M, Desai A, Zile MR, Swedberg K et al. Efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan relative to a prior decompensation: The PARADIGM-HF Trial. JACC. Heart failure. 2016;4(10):816–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2016.05.002
25. Solomon SD, Dobson J, Pocock S, Skali H, McMurray JJV, Granger CB et al. Influence of Nonfatal Hospitalization for Heart Failure on Subsequent Mortality in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Circulation. 2007;116(13):1482–7. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.696906
26. Arutyunov A.G., Dragunov D.O., Arutyunov G.P., Rylova A.K., Pashkevich D.D., Viter K.V. et al. First open study of syndrome of acute decompensation of heart failure and concomitant diseases in Russian Federation: independent registry ORAKUL. Kardiologiia. 2015;55(5):12–21.
27. Polyakov D.S., Fomin I.V., Valikulova F.Yu., Vaisberg A.R., Kraiem N., Badin Yu.V. et al. The EPOCHA-CHF epidemiological program: decompensated chronic heart failure in real-life clinical practice (EPOCHAD-CHF). Russian Heart Failure Journal. 2016;17(5):299– 305. DOI: 10.18087/rhfj.2016.5.2239
28. Setoguchi S, Stevenson LW, Schneeweiss S. Repeated hospitalizations predict mortality in the community population with heart failure. American Heart Journal. 2007;154(2):260–6. DOI: 10.1016/j. ahj.2007.01.041
29. Hamo CE, Butler J, Gheorghiade M, Chioncel O. The bumpy road to drug development for acute heart failure. European Heart Journal Supplements. 2016;18(Suppl G):G19–32. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suw045
30. Bhagat AA, Greene SJ, Vaduganathan M, Fonarow GC, Butler J. Initiation, Continuation, Switching, and Withdrawal of Heart Failure Medical Therapies During Hospitalization. JACC: Heart Failure. 2019;7(1):1–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2018.06.011
31. Velazquez EJ, Morrow DA, DeVore AD, Duffy CI, Ambrosy AP, McCague K et al. Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibition in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. New England Journal of Medicine. 2019;380(6):539–48. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812851
32. DeVore AD, Braunwald E, Morrow DA, Duffy CI, Ambrosy AP, Chakraborty H et al. Initiation of Angiotensin-Neprilysin Inhibition After Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Secondary Analysis of the Open-label Extension of the PIONEER-HF Trial. JAMA Cardiology. 2020;5(2):202–7. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.4665
33. Damman K, Beusekamp JC, Boorsma EM, Swart HP, Smilde TDJ, Elvan A et al. Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicentre pilot study on the effects of empagliflozin on clinical outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (EMPA‐RESPONSE‐ AHF). European Journal of Heart Failure. 2020;22(4):713– 22. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1713
34. Greene SJ, Butler J, Fonarow GC. Simultaneous or Rapid Sequence Initiation of Quadruple Medical Therapy for Heart Failure – Optimizing Therapy With the Need for Speed. JAMA Cardiology. 2021;6(7):743–4. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.0496
35. Ouwerkerk W, Voors AA, Anker SD, Cleland JG, Dickstein K, Filippatos G et al. Determinants and clinical outcome of uptitration of ACEinhibitors and beta-blockers in patients with heart failure: a prospective European study. European Heart Journal. 2017;38(24):1883–90. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx026
36. Vaduganathan M, Claggett BL, Jhund PS, Cunningham JW, Pedro Ferreira J, Zannad F et al. Estimating lifetime benefits of comprehensive disease-modifying pharmacological therapies in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a comparative analysis of three randomised controlled trials. The Lancet. 2020;396(10244):121–8. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30748-0
37. Kimmoun A, Cotter G, Davison B, Takagi K, Addad F, Celutkiene J et al. Safety, Tolerability and efficacy of Rapid Optimization, helped by NT‐proBNP and GDF‐15, of Heart Failure therapies (STRONGHF): rationale and design for a multicentre, randomized, parallelgroup study. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2019;21(11):1459–67. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1575
38. Savarese G, Bodegard J, Norhammar A, Sartipy P, Thuresson M, Cowie MR et al. Heart failure drug titration, discontinuation, mortality and heart failure hospitalization risk: a multinational observational study (US, UK and Sweden). European Journal of Heart Failure. 2021;23(9):1499–511. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2271
39. Fomin I.V., Kraiem N., Polyakov D.S., Vinogradova N.G., Valikulova F Yu., Vaysberg A.R. et al. The notion of CHF course stability: Is it acceptable for Russian practice? Kardiologiia. 2018;58(S3):55–63. DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2356
40. Lopatin Yu.M., Nedogoda S.V., Arkhipov M.V., Galyavich A.S., Koziolova N.A., Lozhkina N.G. et al. Pharmacoepidemiological analysis of routine management of heart failure patients in the Russian Federation. Part I. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2021;26(4):93–102. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4368
41. Konstam MA, Neaton JD, Dickstein K, Drexler H, Komajda M, Martinez FA et al. Effects of high-dose versus low-dose losartan on clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HEAAL study): a randomised, double-blind trial. The Lancet. 2009;374(9704):1840–8. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61913-9
42. Packer M, Poole-Wilson PA, Armstrong PW, Cleland JG, Horowitz JD, Massie BM et al. Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. ATLAS Study Group. Circulation. 1999;100(23):2312–8. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.100.23.2312
43. Komajda M, Cowie MR, Tavazzi L, Ponikowski P, Anker SD, Filippatos GS et al. Physicians’ guideline adherence is associated with better prognosis in outpatients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the QUALIFY international registry. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2017;19(11):1414–23. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.887
44. Turgeon RD, Kolber MR, Loewen P, Ellis U, McCormack JP. Higher versus lower doses of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-2 receptor blockers and beta-blockers in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Systematic review and m eta-analysis. PLOS ONE. 2019;14(2):e0212907. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212907
45. Srivastava PK, DeVore AD, Hellkamp AS, Thomas L, Albert NM, Butler J et al. Heart Failure Hospitalization and Guideline-Directed Prescribing Patterns Among Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Patients. JACC: Heart Failure. 2021;9(1):28–38. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2020.08.017
46. Fonseca C, Brito D, Branco P, Frazão JM, Silva-Cardoso J, Bettencourt P. Hyperkalemia and management of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A systematic review. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia. 2020;39(9):517–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2020.03.015
47. Rakisheva A, Marketou M, Klimenko A, Troyanova‐Shchutskaia T, Vardas P. Hyperkalemia in heart failure: Foe or friend? Clinical Cardiology. 2020;43(7):666–75. DOI: 10.1002/clc.23392
48. Rossignol P, Lainscak M, Crespo‐Leiro MG, Laroche C, Piepoli MF, Filippatos G et al. Unravelling the interplay between hyperkalaemia, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitor use and clinical outcomes. Data from 9222 chronic heart failure patients of the ESC‐HFA‐EORP Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2020;22(8):1378–89. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1793
49. Heywood JT, Fonarow GC, Costanzo MR, Mathur VS, Wigneswaran JR, Wynne J. High Prevalence of Renal Dysfunction and Its Impact on Outcome in 118,465 Patients Hospitalized with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Report From the ADHERE Database. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 2007;13(6):422–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.03.011
50. Powell C, Kavanagh K, Morgan J, Stakelum Byrne N, Keelan P, Murphy N. 49 Eligibility for dapagliflozin in a real–life heart failure clinic. A32.1-A32. Irish Cardiac Society Annual Scientific Meeting & AGM (Virtual), October 1st – 3rd 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society. 2020. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020ICS.49.
51. Maltês S, Cunha GJL, Rocha BML, Presume J, Guerreiro R, Henriques C et al. Dapagliflozin in a Real-World Chronic Heart Failure Population: How Many Are Actually Eligible? Cardiology. 2021;146(2):201–6. DOI: 10.1159/000512432
52. Mewton N, Girerd N, Boffa J-J, Courivaud C, Isnard R, Juillard L et al. Practical management of worsening renal function in outpatients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: Statement from a panel of multidisciplinary experts and the Heart Failure Working Group of the French Society of Cardiology. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2020;113(10):660–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2020.03.018
53. Cautela J, Tartiere J, Cohen-Solal A, Bellemain‐Appaix A, Theron A, Tibi T et al. Management of low blood pressure in ambulatory heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2020;22(8):1357–65. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1835
54. Peri-Okonny PA, Mi X, Khariton Y, Patel KK, Thomas L, Fonarow GC et al. Target Doses of Heart Failure Medical Therapy and Blood Pressure: Insights From the CHAMP-HF Registry. JACC: Heart Failure. 2019;7(4):350–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2018.11.011
55. Teramoto K, Tromp J, Lam CSP. Heart failure or heart success? Cardiovascular Research. 2021;117(3):e29–34. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab022
56. Teerlink JR, Diaz R, Felker GM, McMurray JJV, Metra M, Solomon SD et al. Cardiac Myosin Activation with Omecamtiv Mecarbil in Systolic Heart Failure. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;384(2):105–16. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2025797
57. Teerlink JR, Diaz R, Felker GM, McMurray JJV, Metra M, Solomon SD et al. Effect of Ejection Fraction on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated with Omecamtiv Mecarbil in GALACTIC-HF. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2021;78(2):97–108. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.04.065
58. Emdin M, Aimo A, Castiglione V, Vergaro G, Georgiopoulos G, Saccaro LF et al. Targeting Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate to Treat Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020;76(15):1795–807. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.031
59. Armstrong PW, Pieske B, Anstrom KJ, Ezekowitz J, Hernandez AF, Butler J et al. Vericiguat in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(20):1883–93. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1915928
60. Anand IS, Gupta P. Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: Current Concepts and Emerging Therapies. Circulation. 2018;138(1):80– 98. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.030099
61. Ponikowski P, Kirwan B-A, Anker SD, McDonagh T, Dorobantu M, Drozdz J et al. Ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency at discharge after acute heart failure: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet (London, England). 2020;396(10266):1895–904. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32339-4
62. Bhatt DL, Szarek M, Steg PG, Cannon CP, Leiter LA, McGuire DK et al. Sotagliflozin in Patients with Diabetes and Recent Worsening Heart Failure. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;384(2):117–28. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2030183
63. Shlyakhto E.V., Zvartau N.E., Villevalde S.V., Yakovlev A.N., Soloveva A.E., Alieva A.S. et al. Cardiovascular risk management system: prerequisites for developing, organization principles, target groups. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2019;24(11):69–82. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2019-1169-82
64. Shlyakhto E.V., Zvartau N.E., Villevalde S.V., Yakovlev A.N., Soloveva A.E., Avdonina N.G. et al. Implemented models and elements for heart failure care in the regions of the Russian Federation: prospects for transformation into regional cardiovascular risk management systems. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(4):9–18. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4-3792
65. Hernandez AF. Relationship Between Early Physician Follow-up and 30-Day Readmission Among Medicare Beneficiaries Hospitalized for Heart Failure. JAMA. 2010;303(17):1716. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.533
66. McMurray JJV, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Auricchio A, Böhm M, Dickstein K et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaborati. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2012;14(8):803–69. DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs105
67. Samsky MD, Lin L, Greene SJ, Lippmann SJ, Peterson PN, Heidenreich PA et al. Patient Perceptions and Familiarity with Medical Therapy for Heart Failure. JAMA Cardiology. 2020;5(3):292–9. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.4987
68. Mareev V.Yu., Begrambekova Yu.L., Danielyan M.O., Ageev F.T., Gilyarevskiy S.R., Belenkov Yu.N. et al. What questions are asked and answered by studies of non-drug treatment in patients with heart failure. Lessons from the CHANCE study. Russian Heart Failure Journal. 2014;15(6):383–96.
69. Sitnikova M.Yu., Lyasnikova E.A., Yurchenko A.V., Trukshina M.A., Kuular A.A., Galenk o V.L. et al. Results of 3 years work of the Russian hospital register of chronic heart failure (RUssian hoSpital Heart Failure Registry – RUS-HFR): relationship between management and outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. Kardiologiia. 2018;58(10S):9–19. DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2483
70. Allen LA, Venechuk G, McIlvennan CK, Page RL, Knoepke CE, Helmkamp LJ et al. An Electronically Delivered Patient-Activation Tool for Intensification of Medications for Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: The EPIC-HF Trial. Circulation. 2021;143(5):427–37. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051863
71. Unlu O, Levitan EB, Reshetnyak E, Kneifati-Hayek J, Diaz I, Archambault A et al. Polypharmacy in Older Adults Hospitalized for Heart Failure. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2020;13(11):e006977. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.006977
72. Soloveva A.E., Yakovlev A.N., Villevalde S.V., Zvartau N.E., Shlyahto E.V. Prescription drug coverage in high cardiovascular risk patients as an important part of the national goals achievement. Bulletin of Roszdravnadzor. 2019;4:20–7. DOI: 10.35576/article_5d651dbc201140.18252870
73. Van Spall HGC, Rahman T, Mytton O, Ramasundarahettige C, Ibrahim Q, Kabali C et al. Comparative effectiveness of transitional care services in patients discharged from the hospital with heart failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2017;19(11):1427–43. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.765
74. Li Y, Fu MR, Luo B, Li M, Zheng H, Fang J. The Effectiveness of Transitional Care Interventions on Health Care Utilization in Patients Discharged From the Hospital With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2021;22(3):621–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.019
75. Villevalde S.V., Soloveva A.E., Zvartau N.E., Avdonina N.G., Yakovlev A.N., Sitnikova M.Yu. et al. Principles of organization of medical care for patients with heart failure in the system of cardiovascular risk management: focus on continuity of care and patient routing. Practical materials. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2021;26(3S):102– 41. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4558
Review
For citations:
Villevalde S.V., Soloveva A.E. Decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: overcoming barriers to improve prognosis in the “vulnerable” period after discharge. Kardiologiia. 2021;61(12):82-93. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2021.12.n1860