Омега-3 полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты у больных с гипертриглицеридемиями и атеросклерозом

Наряду с повышением уровня холестерина липопротеинов низкой плотности, к липидным факторам риска развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений (ССО) относится гипертриглицеридемия, особенно повышение уровня в плазме крови ремнантных частиц. Омега-3 полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты (ω-3 ПНЖК) необходимы организму для нормального функционирования клеточных мембран, сетчатки глаза, нервной такни, скелетной мускулатуры и т. д. Из большого семейства жирных кислот (ЖК) наиболее хорошо изучены эйкозапентаеновая (ЭПК) и докозагексаеновая (ДГК) ЖК. Положительное влияние потребления ω-3 ПНЖК на сердечно-сосудистую систему связано с улучшением реологических свойств крови, антиаритмическими эффектами, противовоспалительными эффектами, снижением уровня триглицеридов. Большинство рандомизированных исследований с ω-3 ПНЖК (смесь ЭПК и ДГК или только ЭПК) продемонстрировали эффективность, безопасность и возможность снижения частоты развития ССО, случаев внезапной смерти и улучшение прогноза в различных популяциях пациентов. В исследовании STRENGTH (комбинация омега-3 карбоновых кислот со статинами) не было достигнуто достоверного снижения риска развития ССО у пациентов с высоким уровнем триглицеридов и низким уровнем холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности. Лечение препаратами ω-3 ПНЖК регламентировано в современных международных Рекомендациях и согласительных документах в составе комбинированной терапии со статинами для снижения риска развития ССО и коррекции выраженной гипертриглицеридемии.

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