Analysis of healthcare for patients with cardiovascular diseases in Russian Federation in comparison with the practice of Europe and USA

The medical community, researchers and healthcare organizers are constantly challenged by comparing key indexes reflecting the effectiveness of cardiovascular care, primarily for the dynamic assessment and implementation of the world's best practices to reduce cardiovascular mortality. The analysis of health care for patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is a complex, multicomponent process, the structure and key tools of which differ from country to country. Using different data sources, methodological and analytical approaches creates certain limitations and barriers to the assessment. In order to update the ideas about the modern coordinate system and tools for assessing cardiovascular care, the authors presented practices for analyzing major indexes in Russia, European countries, and the United States. The review presents sources of statistical data, principles for assessing risk factors, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and specific features of monitoring the availability and quality of cardiovascular care.

1. Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;135(10):e146–603. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000485

2. World Health Organisation. WHO Global Conference on NCDs, 18-20 October 2017. [Internet] Available at: http://www.who.int/conferences/global-ncd-conference/en/

3. Federal State Statistics Service. Order of Rosstat of 08.08.2012 N 439 “On the approval of Statistical tools for the Organization of Federal Statistical monitoring of Activities in the field of health care, occupational injuries and natural movement of the population”. Av. at: https://stat.mkrf.ru/regulations/item2191/.

4. Federal State Statistics Service. Order of Rosstat of 05.07.2013 No. 261 “On Approval of Methods for Calculating indicators for the operational assessment of the effectiveness of the executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation”. Av. at: http://www.gks.ru/metod/fed-proekt/MET020005.pdf.

5. Kakorina E.P., Ogryzko E.V. Several problems of medical statistics in Russian Federation. Health manager. 2012;6:40–6.

6. Timmis A, Townsend N, Gale CP, Torbica A, Lettino M, Petersen SE et al. European Society of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2019. European Heart Journal. 2020;41(1):12–85. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz859

7. Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics–2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141(9):e139–596. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757

8. European Commission, Statistical Office of the European Union. HEDIC: health expenditures by diseases and conditions : 2016 edition. -Luxembourg: Publications Office;2016. - 66 p. ISBN 978- 92-79-58542-5

9. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National Vital Statistics System. Public Use Data File Documentation. Mortality Multiple Cause-of-Death. 2021. [Internet] 2021. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality_public_use_data.htm

10. Federal State Statistics Service. Order of Rosstat of 25.12.2014 N 723 (ed. of 30.12.2015) “On approval of statistical tools for the organization by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of federal statistical surveillance in the field of health”. Av. at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_173929/

11. Mirel LB, EL Burai Felix S, Zhang C, Golden C, Cox CS. National Health Statistics Reports. Number 143. Comparative analysis of the National Health Interview Survey public-use and restricted-use linked mortality files. Av. at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr143-508.pdf.

12. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):1269–324. DOI: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000066

13. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. European Heart Journal. 2018;39(33):3021–104. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339

14. Muromtceva G.A., Kontsevaya A.V., Konstantinov V.V., Artamonova G.V., Gatagonova T. M., Duplyakov D.V. et al. The prevalence of non-infectious disease risk factors in the Russian population in 2012-2013. Results of the ESSE-RF study. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2014;13(6):4–11. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11

15. Hales CM, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults and Youth: United States, 2015-2016. NCHS data brief. 2017; 288:1–8. PMID: 29155689

16. World Health Organisation. Targets and indicators for Health 2020. Version 3 (2016). [Internet] Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/regional-director/regional-directors-emeritus/drzsuzsanna-jakab,-2010-2019/health-2020-the-european-policy-forhealth-and-well-being/publications/2016/targets-and-indicators-forhealth-2020.-version-3-2016

17. World Health Organisation. European Bureau. A global poll of adult population about tobacco consumption: Brief overview, 2016. Av. at: https://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/survey/gats/gats_2016-rus-executive-summary-Ru.pdf.

18. World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases progress monitor, 2015. -Geneva: WHO;2015. - 232 p. ISBN 978-92-4-150945-9

19. World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases progress monitor, 2017. – Geneva: WHO;2017. – 234 p. ISBN 978-92-4-151302-9

20. Shlyakhto E.V., Zvartau N.E., Villevalde S.V., Yakovlev A.N., Soloveva A.E., Alieva A.S. et al. Cardiovascular risk management system: prerequisites for developing, organization principles, target groups. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2019;24(11):69–82. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2019-11-69-82

21. IHME. The Global Burden of Disease: a critical resource for informed policymaking. 2014. [Internet] 2014. Available at: http://www.healthdata.org/gbd/about

22. The World Bank. DataBank. World Development Indicators. [Internet] Available at: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#

23. Ministry of Health of Russian Federation. Monitoring the implementation of measures to reduce CHD mortality in 2017. Av. at: https://minzdravao.ru/sites/default/files/2017/novyy_shablon_noyabr_2017.xlsx. 2017.

24. Polikarpov A.V., Aleksandrova G.A., Golubev N.A., Tyrina E.M., Ogryzko E.V., Shelepova E.A. et al. Statistical Bulletin 2017. Section 14 «Resources and activities of medical healthcare organizations». Moscow. 2018. Av. at: https://minzdrav.gov.ru/ministry/61/22/stranitsa-979/statisticheskie-i-informatsionnye-materialy/statisticheskiy-sbornik-2017-god.

25. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Hospital Quality Initiative. Outcome Measures. 2017 Chartbook. [Internet] Available at: https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-Initiatives-Patient-Assessment-Instruments/HospitalQualityInits/OutcomeMeasures

26. Rao KK, Enriquez JR, de Lemos JA, Alexander KP, Chen AY, McGuire DK et al. Use of aldosterone antagonists at discharge after myocardial infarction: Results from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network (ACTION) Registry–Get with the Guidelines (GWTG). American Heart Journal. 2013;166(4):709–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.06.020