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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kardiologiia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-9040</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-5660</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kardiomag</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18087/cardio.2020.6.n896</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardio-896</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распространенность инфаркта миокарда 2 го типа в структуре летальности по данным многопрофильного стационара за 7 лет</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Frequency of Type 2 Myocardial Infarction in the Structure of Hospital Mortality According to 7-Years Data of a State University Clinic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-0193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Облавацкий</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oblavatckii</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач кардиолог клиники кардиологии для лечения больных инфарктом миокарда </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>cardiologist, PhD-course postgraduate student </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimi1987@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1898-084X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болдуева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boldueva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный врач РФ, заведующая кафедрой и клиникой факультетской терапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>professor, head of the depertament of faculty therapy </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanaboldueva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3335-4986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloveva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач кардиолог клиники кардиологии для лечения больных инфарктом миокарда</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>cardiologist, PhD-course postgraduate student </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">morethantea@rumbler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Винничук</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinnichuk</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры патологической анатомии, заведующий центральным патологоанатомическим отделением</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of the Central Pathological Department </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.a.vinnichuk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент 6 курса лечебного факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6th years student of the North-Western State Medical University</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikromja@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after Metchnikov, St-Peterburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>6</issue><elocation-id>76–83</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kardiomag, 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Kardiomag</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kardiomag</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/896">https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/896</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель    Оценка доли инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) 2‑го типа в структуре летальности многопрофильного стационара; описание основных причин развития, профиля госпитализации, характеристик пациентов с верифицированным по данным аутопсии ИМ 2‑го типа.</p><p>Материал и методы  Методом сплошной выборки ретроспективно были изучены 1574 протокола аутопсий, произведенных в Центральном патологоанатомическом отделении СЗГМУ им. И. И. Мечникова с 01.01.10 по 31.12.16. Из общего числа пациентов, подвергнутых аутопсии, выделена группа с верифицированным посмертно ИМ 2‑го типа. Изучены основные причины развития ИМ 2‑го типа и его доля среди причин летальности. В исследуемой группе больных с фатальным ИМ 2‑го типа также были оценены основные демографические показатели, профиль госпитализации, состояние коронарных артерий (КА) в сравнении с пациентами, умершими от атеротромботического ИМ 1‑го типа.</p><p>Результаты   Анализ 1574 случаев летальных исходов среди пациентов многопрофильного стационара показал, что в 360 случаях (22,87 %) причиной смерти явился ИМ, причем 137 случаев были представлены фатальным ИМ 2‑го типа. Среди пациентов с верифицированным посмертно ИМ 2‑го типа соотношение мужчин и женщин было сопоставимо. Анализ возрастной структуры показал наибольшую частоту развития ИМ 2‑го типа в пожилом (48,2 %) и старческом (34,3 %) возрасте. Средний возраст пациентов с ИМ 2‑го типа составил 71,7 года (68,2 года среди мужчин и 75,3 года среди женщин), что было сопоставимо со средним возрастом пациентов с фатальным ИМ 1‑го типа. В обеих группах мужчины с фатальным ИМ были достоверно моложе женщин. Анализ причин развития ИМ 2‑го типа продемонстрировал лидирующее место тахисистолических нарушений ритма сердца – 59,12 % случаев, а также тяжелой гипоксии различной этиологии – 35,04 %. Анализ характера поражения КА показал, что значимое поражение отсутствовало достоверно чаще при ИМ 2‑го типа – 32,85 %, в то время как при ИМ 1‑го типа доля пациентов с неизмененными КА составила 1,84 %. В группе пациентов с фатальным ИМ 1‑го типа у 67,29 % имелись многососудистые поражения, а у каждого второго из них было выявлено окклюзирующее поражение. В группе пациентов с ИМ 2‑го типа многососудистое поражение отмечалось в 2 раза реже – в 31,38 % случаев, и лишь у 4,38 % пациентов имелась полная окклюзия одного из коронарных сосудов. При сравнении летальности по различным отделениям многопрофильного стационара оказалось, что лишь 29,2 % пациентов с ИМ 2‑го типа изначально получали лечение в профильном кардиологическом отделении; 45,3 % больных были госпитализированы в отделения терапевтического профиля по поводу различной патологии, зачастую не связанной с ишемической болезнью сердца. При этом 25,5 % пациентов с развившимся в последующем ИМ 2‑го типа и вовсе первоначально получали плановую или экстренную медицинскую помощь по поводу ведущей хирургической патологии.</p><p>Заключение     Заболевания сердечно-сосудистой системы занимают лидирующее место среди причин летальности в многопрофильном стационаре. По данным проведенного исследования, почти каждый четвертый пациент умирает в результате развития ИМ, причем более трети случаев фатальных ИМ приходятся на долю ИМ 2‑го типа. Среди основных причин развития ИМ 2‑го типа необходимо отметить тахисистолические нарушения ритма – 59,12 % и выраженную гипоксию на фоне анемий и тяжелой дыхательной недостаточности – 35,04 % случаев. Гендерная и возрастная характеристика пациентов с ИМ 2‑го типа была сопоставима с аналогичной характеристикой пациентов с фатальным ИМ 1‑го типа. При этом 25,5 % случаев фатальных ИМ 2‑го типа приходятся на пациентов хирургического профиля.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title> </title><p> </p><p>Aim      To evaluate the proportion of type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) in the structure of mortality at a multidisciplinary hospital; to describe major causes for MI development, and characteristics of patients with a verified diagnosis of type 2 MI by data of postmortem examination.</p><p>Material and methods  1574 protocols of the autopsies performed at the Central Pathology Department of the I.I. Mechnikov North-West State Medical University from 01.01.10 through 31.12.16 were studied retrospectively by the continuous sampling method. A group with verified diagnosis of type 2 MI was isolated from the total sample of autopsies. Major causes for and the proportion of type 2 MI among the causes of death were studied. Also, major demographic parameters, hospitalization profile, and condition of coronary arteries (CA) were compared in patients with fatal type 2 MI and those who died from atherothrombotic type 1 MI.</p><p>Results Analysis of 1574 fatal cases among patients of the multidisciplinary hospital showed that in 360 cases (22.87 %), the cause of death was MI, including 137 cases of fatal type 2 MI. Proportions of men and women among the patients with postmortem verification of type 2 MI were comparable. Analysis of the age structure showed the highest incidence of type 2 MI in elderly (48.2 %) and senile (34.3 %) age. Mean age of patients with type 2 MI was 71.7 years (68.2 years for men and 75.3 years for women), which was comparable with the age range of patients with fatal type 1 MI. In both groups, men with fatal MI were significantly younger than women. Analysis of causes for type 2 MI demonstrated that the most frequent ones were tachysystolic arrhythmias (59.12 %) and severe hypoxia of different origin (35.04 %). Analysis of the type of CA lesions showed that significant lesions were significantly more frequently absent in type 2 MI (32.85 %) while in type 1 MI, the proportion of patients with unchanged CA was 1.84 %. In the group of patients with fatal type 1 MI, 67.29 % had multivascular lesions, and one in two patients had an occlusive lesion. In the group with type 2 MI, multivascular lesions were half as frequent (31.38 %), and only 4.38 % of patients had a complete occlusion of a coronary vessel. Comparison of death rate in different departments of the multidisciplinary hospital showed that only 29.2 % of patients with type 2 MI originally were managed at a specialized cardiological department; 45.3 % of patients were admitted to an internal medicine department for different conditions often not related with ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, 25.5 % of patients with subsequently developed type 2 MI originally even received scheduled or emergency medical care for a leading surgical condition.</p><p>Conclusion      Cardiovascular diseases predominate among causes of mortality in a multidisciplinary hospital. This study showed that almost one in four patients dies from MI, and type 2 MI accounts for more than one third of fatal MIs. Among major causes for type 2 MI, tachysystolic arrhythmias (59.12 %) and pronounced hypoxia associated with anemia and severe respiratory failure (35.04 %) should be noted. Gender and age characteristics of patients with type 2 MI were comparable with those of patients with fatal type 1 MI. Furthermore, surgical patients accounted for 25.5 % of fatal cases of type 2 MI.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Инфаркт миокарда 2 го типа</kwd><kwd>летальность от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</kwd><kwd>фатальный инфаркт миокарда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Type 2 myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular mortality</kwd><kwd>fatal myocardial infarction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Явный и потенциальный конфликт интересов отсутствуют. Статья является результатом плановой научно-исследовательской деятельности ФГБОУ ВО СЗГМУ им. Мечникова, осуществляемой в результате выполнения научно-квалификационной работы аспирантом кафедры факультетской терапии Облавацким Д. 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