<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kardiologiia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-9040</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-5660</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kardiomag</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18087/cardio.2019.4.10241</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardio-591</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ КАРДИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL CARDIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Периферические эффекты взаимодействия α2‑адренергических и имидазолиновых агонистов в изолированных кардиомиоцитах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Non-Central Influences of α2-Adrenergic and Imidazoline Agonist Interactions in Isolated ardiomyocytes Cardiac Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltsev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ScD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ScD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex.v.maltsev88@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокоз</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokoz</surname><given-names>Y. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт теоретической и экспериментальной биофизики» РАН, Пущино&#13;
ФГБУН «Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии» РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino&#13;
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт теоретической и экспериментальной биофизики» РАН, Пущино</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kardiomag, 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Kardiomag</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kardiomag</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/591">https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/591</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Изучение функционального взаимодействия недавно обнаруженных на сарколемме одиночных кардиомиоцитов α2 ‑адренергических и имидазолиновых рецепторов в отношении регуляции внутриклеточного уровня кальция и продукции сигнальной молекулы оксида азота (NO). Материалы и методы. Эксперименты выполнены на изолированных кардиомиоцитах левого желудочка крыс линии Wistar. Потенциал-зависимые токи Са2+ измеряли от целой клетки методом пэтч-кламп (patch-clamp) в конфигурации перфорированного пэтча («perforated patch»). Внутриклеточный уровень кальция и продукцию NO оценивали по изменению интенсивности флуоресценции Ca2+-специфического и NO-чувствительного зондов на флуоресцентном или конфокальном микроскопе. Результаты. Показано, что агонисты α2‑адренергических и имидазолиновых рецепторов ингибируют токи Са2+ L-типа, однако их эффекты не развиваются на фоне друг друга. Блокада ключевых эффекторных молекул: протеинкиназы В (Akt-киназы) – для α2‑адренорецепторов, и протеинкиназы С – для имидазолиновых рецепторов, приводит к тому, что действие агонистов становится аддитивным. Как селективный α2‑агонист – гуанабенц, так и специфический агонист имидазолиновых рецепторов первого типа – рилменидин проявляют дополнительное ингибирование токов Са2+ на фоне базального, сниженного активацией одной из двух рецепторных систем. При этом рилменидин увеличивает уровень свободного Са2+ в цитозоле, а гуанабенц, напротив, снижает. Действие гуанабенца не развивается на фоне рилменидина, хотя тот эффективно увеличивает внутриклеточный уровень кальция в кардиомиоцитах, предварительно обработанных гуанабенцом. При активации α2‑адренорецепторов происходит существенная стимуляция эндотелиальной изоформы NO-синтазы, и как следствие – увеличение уровня NO. Собственно активация имидазолиновых рецепторов не влияет на синтез NO, однако предотвращает продукцию NO, индуцируемую α2‑агонистами. Заключение. Полученные данные уточняют нецентральные периферические эффекты, возникающие при активации α2‑адренергической или имидазолиновой систем в условиях эндогенной гиперактивации второй, и позволяют сформулировать ряд практических рекомендаций для клинической практики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim: to investigate the functional interaction of α2-adrenergic and imidazoline receptors recently identified on the sarcolemma of isolated cardiomyocytes for regulation of the intracellular calcium and the production of the signal molecule of nitric oxide (NO). Materials and methods: experiments were performed on isolated left ventricular cardiomyocytes of Wistar rats. Potential-dependent Ca2+-currents were measured from the whole-cell by the patch-clamp method in “perforated-patch” configuration. The intracellular calcium and the production of nitric oxide were estimated from the changes in fluorescence intensity of the Ca2+-specific and NO-sensitive dyes at fluorescent or confocal microscope. Results: It has been shown that α2‑adrenergic and imidazoline receptor agonists inhibit L-type Ca2+-currents by themselves, but their effects do not develop against each other’s background. The blockade of key effector molecules: protein kinase B (Akt kinase) for α2‑adrenergic receptors, and protein kinase C for imidazoline receptors causes the action of agonists to become additive. Both the selective α2‑agonist, guanabenz, and the specific agonist of the first type imidazoline receptors, rilmenidine, show an additional inhibition of Ca2+-currents against the basal background already reduced by the activation of one of the two receptor systems. Wherein rilmenidine increases the level of free  Ca2+ in the cytosol, and guanabenz, on the contrary, decreases it. The action of guanabenz does not develop against the background of rilmenidine, although it, in turn, effectively increases the intracellular level of calcium in guanabenz-pretreated cardiac cells. Activation of α2‑adrenergic receptors leads to significant stimulation of the endothelial isoform of NO-synthase, and as a result to an increase in the NO level. Activation of imidazoline receptors itself does not affect NO synthesis but it prevents the production of NO induced by α2‑agonists. Conclusion: obtained data make it possible to formulate a number of useful recommendations for clinical practice, and also to clarify the non-central peripheral effects arising from the activation of α2‑adrenergic or imidazoline systems under conditions of endogenous hyperactivation on of the two systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гуанабенц</kwd><kwd>рилменидин</kwd><kwd>потенциал-зависимые кальциевые токи</kwd><kwd>оксид азота</kwd><kwd>кардиомиоцит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>guanabenz</kwd><kwd>rilmenidine</kwd><kwd>voltage-gated Ca2+-currents</kwd><kwd>nitric oxide</kwd><kwd>cardiomyocyte</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. World health statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the SDGs. 136 с. ISBN 978-92-4-069569-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. World health statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the SDGs. 136 с. ISBN 978-92-4-069569-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Selye H. Stress without distress. -Philadelphia: Lippincott; 171 с. ISBN 978-0-397-01026-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Selye H. Stress without distress. -Philadelphia: Lippincott; 171 с. ISBN 978-0-397-01026-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">William Tank A, Lee Wong D. Peripheral and Central Effects of Circulating Catecholamines. In: Comprehensive Physiology. -Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., 2014. - pp. 1-15. ISBN: 978-0-470-65071-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">William Tank A, Lee Wong D. Peripheral and Central Effects of Circulating Catecholamines. In: Comprehensive Physiology. -Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., 2014. - pp. 1-15. ISBN: 978-0-470-65071-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bers DM. Calcium Cycling and Signaling in Cardiac Myocytes. Annual Review of Physiology. 2008;70(1):23–49. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bers DM. Calcium Cycling and Signaling in Cardiac Myocytes. Annual Review of Physiology. 2008;70(1):23–49. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gustafsson AB, Gottlieb RA. Heart mitochondria: gates of life and death. Cardiovascular Research. 2007;77(2):334–43. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvm005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gustafsson AB, Gottlieb RA. Heart mitochondria: gates of life and death. Cardiovascular Research. 2007;77(2):334–43. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvm005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brini M, Ottolini D, Calì T, Carafoli E. Calcium in Health and Disease. In: Interrelations between Essential Metal Ions and Human Diseases. -Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. - pp.81-137. ISBN: 978-94-007-7499-5, 978-94-007-7500-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brini M, Ottolini D, Calì T, Carafoli E. Calcium in Health and Disease. In: Interrelations between Essential Metal Ions and Human Diseases. -Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. - pp.81-137. ISBN: 978-94-007-7499-5, 978-94-007-7500-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foucart S, Nadeau R, de Champlain J. The release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla and its modulation by alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the anaesthetized dog. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 1987;65(4):550–7. PMID: 3038285</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foucart S, Nadeau R, de Champlain J. The release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla and its modulation by alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the anaesthetized dog. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 1987;65(4):550–7. PMID: 3038285</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gadkari TV, Cortes N, Madrasi K, Tsoukias NM, Joshi MS. Agmatine induced NO dependent rat mesenteric artery relaxation and its impairment in salt-sensitive hypertension. Nitric Oxide. 2013;35:65–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.08.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gadkari TV, Cortes N, Madrasi K, Tsoukias NM, Joshi MS. Agmatine induced NO dependent rat mesenteric artery relaxation and its impairment in salt-sensitive hypertension. Nitric Oxide. 2013;35:65–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.08.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brede M, Wiesmann F, Jahns R, Hadamek K, Arnolt C, Neubauer S et al. Feedback inhibition of catecholamine release by two different alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes prevents progression of heart failure. Circulation. 2002;106(19):2491–6. PMID: 12417548</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brede M, Wiesmann F, Jahns R, Hadamek K, Arnolt C, Neubauer S et al. Feedback inhibition of catecholamine release by two different alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes prevents progression of heart failure. Circulation. 2002;106(19):2491–6. PMID: 12417548</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MacMillan LB, Hein L, Smith MS, Piascik MT, Limbird LE. Central hypotensive effects of the alpha2A-adrenergic receptor subtype. Science (New York, N.Y.). 1996;273(5276):801–3. PMID: 8670421</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MacMillan LB, Hein L, Smith MS, Piascik MT, Limbird LE. Central hypotensive effects of the alpha2A-adrenergic receptor subtype. Science (New York, N.Y.). 1996;273(5276):801–3. PMID: 8670421</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Link RE, Desai K, Hein L, Stevens ME, Chruscinski A, Bernstein D et al. Cardiovascular regulation in mice lacking alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtypes b and c. Science (New York, N. Y.). 1996;273(5276):803–5. PMID: 8670422</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Link RE, Desai K, Hein L, Stevens ME, Chruscinski A, Bernstein D et al. Cardiovascular regulation in mice lacking alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtypes b and c. Science (New York, N. Y.). 1996;273(5276):803–5. PMID: 8670422</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makaritsis KP, Handy DE, Johns C, Kobilka B, Gavras I, Gavras H. Role of the alpha2B-adrenergic receptor in the development of salt-induced hypertension. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979). 1999;33(1):14–7. PMID: 9931075</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makaritsis KP, Handy DE, Johns C, Kobilka B, Gavras I, Gavras H. Role of the alpha2B-adrenergic receptor in the development of salt-induced hypertension. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979). 1999;33(1):14–7. PMID: 9931075</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hein L, Altman JD, Kobilka BK. Two functionally distinct α2-adrenergic receptors regulate sympathetic neurotransmission. Nature. 1999;402(6758):181–4. DOI: 10.1038/46040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hein L, Altman JD, Kobilka BK. Two functionally distinct α2-adrenergic receptors regulate sympathetic neurotransmission. Nature. 1999;402(6758):181–4. DOI: 10.1038/46040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zefirov TL, Khisamieva LI, Ziyatdinova NI, Zefirov AL. Peculiar Effects of Selective Blockade of α2-Adrenoceptor Subtypes on Cardiac Chronotropy in Newborn Rats. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2015;160(1):6–8. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-3084-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zefirov TL, Khisamieva LI, Ziyatdinova NI, Zefirov AL. Peculiar Effects of Selective Blockade of α2-Adrenoceptor Subtypes on Cardiac Chronotropy in Newborn Rats. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2015;160(1):6–8. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-3084-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bousquet P, Feldman J, Atlas D. An endogenous, non-catecholamine clonidine antagonist increases mean arterial blood pressure. European Journal of Pharmacology. 1986;124(1–2):167–70. PMID: 3720837</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bousquet P, Feldman J, Atlas D. An endogenous, non-catecholamine clonidine antagonist increases mean arterial blood pressure. European Journal of Pharmacology. 1986;124(1–2):167–70. PMID: 3720837</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maltsev AV, Kokoz YM, Evdokimovskii EV, Pimenov OY, Reyes S, Alekseev AE. Alpha-2 adrenoceptors and imidazoline receptors in cardiomyocytes mediate counterbalancing effect of agmatine on NO synthesis and intracellular calcium handling. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 2014;68:66–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.030</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maltsev AV, Kokoz YM, Evdokimovskii EV, Pimenov OY, Reyes S, Alekseev AE. Alpha-2 adrenoceptors and imidazoline receptors in cardiomyocytes mediate counterbalancing effect of agmatine on NO synthesis and intracellular calcium handling. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 2014;68:66–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.030</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мальцев А.В., Ненов М.Н., Пименов О.Ю., Кокоз Ю.М. Модуляция агматином Ca2+-токов L-типа и внутриклеточной концентрации ионов Ca2+ в кардиомиоцитах крыс. Биологические мембраны: Журнал мембранной и клеточной биологии. 2013;30(2):92–104. DOI: 10.7868/S0233475513020059</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maltsev A.V., Nenov M.N., Pimenov O. Yu., Kokoz Yu. M. Modulation of L-type Ca2+ currents and intracellular calcium by agmatine in rat cardiomyocytes. Biological membranes: journal of membrane and cell biology. 2013;30(2):92–104. DOI: 10.7868/S0233475513020059</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kokoz YM, Evdokimovskii EV, Maltsev AV, Nenov MN, Nakipova OV, Averin AS et al. Sarcolemmal α2-adrenoceptors control protective cardiomyocyte-delimited sympathoadrenal response. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 2016;100:9–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.09.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kokoz YM, Evdokimovskii EV, Maltsev AV, Nenov MN, Nakipova OV, Averin AS et al. Sarcolemmal α2-adrenoceptors control protective cardiomyocyte-delimited sympathoadrenal response. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 2016;100:9–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.09.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alekseev AE, Korystova AF, Mavlyutova DA, Kokoz YM. Potential-dependent Ca2+ currents in isolated heart cells of hibernators. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International. 1994;33(2):365–75. PMID: 7951054</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev AE, Korystova AF, Mavlyutova DA, Kokoz YM. Potential-dependent Ca2+ currents in isolated heart cells of hibernators. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International. 1994;33(2):365–75. PMID: 7951054</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagano T, Yoshimura T. Bioimaging of nitric oxide. Chemical Reviews. 2002;102(4):1235–70. PMID: 11942795</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagano T, Yoshimura T. Bioimaging of nitric oxide. Chemical Reviews. 2002;102(4):1235–70. PMID: 11942795</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edwards L, Fishman D, Horowitz P, Bourbon N, Kester M, Ernsberger P. The I1-imidazoline receptor in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells activates protein kinases C, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase ( JNK). Journal of Neurochemistry. 2001;79(5):931–40. PMID: 11739604</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edwards L, Fishman D, Horowitz P, Bourbon N, Kester M, Ernsberger P. The I1-imidazoline receptor in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells activates protein kinases C, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase ( JNK). Journal of Neurochemistry. 2001;79(5):931–40. PMID: 11739604</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ненов М.Н., Березин А.В., Федотова Е.И., Гришин К.С., Пименов О.Ю., Мурашов А.Н. и др. “Arginine paradox” in cardyomyocites of Sprague-Dawley and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: α2-adrenoreceptor-mediated regulation of L-type Ca2+ currents by L-arginine. Биологические Мембраны: Журнал мембранной и клеточной биологии. 2010;27(5):440–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nenov M.N., Berezhnov A.V., Fedotova E.I., Grushin K.S., Pimenov O.Yu., Murashev A.N. et al. “Arginine paradox” in cardyomyocites of Sprague-Dawley and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: α2-adrenoreceptor-mediated regulation of L-type Ca2+ currents by L-arginine. Biological Membranes: Journal Of Membrane And Cell Biology. 2010;27(5):440–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blaustein MP, Lederer WJ. Sodium/Calcium Exchange: Its Physiological Implications. Physiological Reviews. 1999;79(3):763–854. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1999.79.3.763</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blaustein MP, Lederer WJ. Sodium/Calcium Exchange: Its Physiological Implications. Physiological Reviews. 1999;79(3):763–854. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1999.79.3.763</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sipido KR, Maes M, Van de Werf F. Low efficiency of Ca2+ entry through the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger as trigger for Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. A comparison between L-type Ca2+ current and reverse-mode Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange. Circulation Research. 1997;81(6):1034–44. PMID: 9400385</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sipido KR, Maes M, Van de Werf F. Low efficiency of Ca2+ entry through the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger as trigger for Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. A comparison between L-type Ca2+ current and reverse-mode Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange. Circulation Research. 1997;81(6):1034–44. PMID: 9400385</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michell BJ, Chen Z, Tiganis T, Stapleton D, Katsis F, Power DA et al. Coordinated Control of Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase Phosphorylation by Protein Kinase C and the cAMPdependent Protein Kinase. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2001;276(21):17625–8. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.C100122200</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michell BJ, Chen Z, Tiganis T, Stapleton D, Katsis F, Power DA et al. Coordinated Control of Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase Phosphorylation by Protein Kinase C and the cAMPdependent Protein Kinase. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2001;276(21):17625–8. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.C100122200</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schümann HJ, Endoh S, Brodde OE. The time course of the effects of beta- and alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation by isoprenaline and methoxamine on the contractile force and cAMP level of the isolated rabbit papillary muscle. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology. 1975;289(3):291–302. PMID: 169486</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schümann HJ, Endoh S, Brodde OE. The time course of the effects of beta- and alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation by isoprenaline and methoxamine on the contractile force and cAMP level of the isolated rabbit papillary muscle. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology. 1975;289(3):291–302. PMID: 169486</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Terzic A, Pucéat M, Clément O, Scamps F, Vassort G. Alpha1-adrenergic effects on intracellular pH and calcium and on myofilaments in single rat cardiac cells. The Journal of Physiology. 1992;447:275–92. PMID: 1317431</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terzic A, Pucéat M, Clément O, Scamps F, Vassort G. Alpha1-adrenergic effects on intracellular pH and calcium and on myofilaments in single rat cardiac cells. The Journal of Physiology. 1992;447:275–92. PMID: 1317431</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ranek MJ, Kost CK, Hu C, Martin DS, Wang X. Muscarinic2 receptors modulate cardiac proteasome function in a protein kinase G-dependent manner. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 2014;69:43–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ranek MJ, Kost CK, Hu C, Martin DS, Wang X. Muscarinic2 receptors modulate cardiac proteasome function in a protein kinase G-dependent manner. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 2014;69:43–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee N, Jeong S, Kim K-C, Kim J-A, Park J-Y, Kang H-W et al. Ca2+ Regulation of Cav 3.3 T-type Ca2+ Channel Is Mediated by Calmodulin. Molecular Pharmacology. 2017;92(3):347–57. DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.108530</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee N, Jeong S, Kim K-C, Kim J-A, Park J-Y, Kang H-W et al. Ca2+ Regulation of Cav 3.3 T-type Ca2+ Channel Is Mediated by Calmodulin. Molecular Pharmacology. 2017;92(3):347–57. DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.108530</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohn JN, Pfeffer MA, Rouleau J, Sharpe N, Swedberg K, Straub M et al. Adverse mortality effect of central sympathetic inhibition with sustained-release moxonidine in patients with heart failure (MOXCON). European Journal of Heart Failure. 2003;5(5):659–67. PMID: 14607206</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohn JN, Pfeffer MA, Rouleau J, Sharpe N, Swedberg K, Straub M et al. Adverse mortality effect of central sympathetic inhibition with sustained-release moxonidine in patients with heart failure (MOXCON). European Journal of Heart Failure. 2003;5(5):659–67. PMID: 14607206</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang M, Chung KY. PKC-ε mediates multiple endothelin-1 actions on systolic Ca2+ and contractility in ventricular myocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2012;423(3):600–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang M, Chung KY. PKC-ε mediates multiple endothelin-1 actions on systolic Ca2+ and contractility in ventricular myocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2012;423(3):600–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
