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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kardiologiia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-9040</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-5660</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kardiomag</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18087/cardio.2022.11.n2232</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardio-2232</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ клинико-биохимических характеристик пациентов с генетически подтвержденной семейной гиперхолестеринемией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Patients With Genetically Confirmed Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Russian North Western District Residents</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-4695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнева</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneva</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра факультетской терапии, фтизиатрии, инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty therapy department,professor assistant</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vikkorneva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9558-3979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Ф. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zacharova</surname><given-names>F. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник подразделение: отдел молекулярной генетики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research associate, department of Molecular Genetics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fzakharova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7135-3239</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мандельштам</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mandelstam</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник отдела молекулярной генетики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>leading Researcher of the Department of Molecular Genetics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amitinus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-1073</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богословская</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogoslovskaya</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отдел молекулярной генетики, Лаборатория биохимической генетики (Санкт-Петербург), научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research associate, department of Molecular Genetics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ktu17@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1290-0113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник отдел физиологии и биомеханики кардиореспираторной системы в экстремальных условиях</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Physiology and Biomechanics of the Cardiorespiratory System in Extreme Environments, research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Orlovartem@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9707-262X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyev</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>руководитель отдела молекулярной генетики</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>head of department of molecular genetics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vadim@biokemis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-1382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> заведующая кафедрой факультетской терапии, фтизиатрии, инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Leader of Faculthy therapy department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eme@karelia.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Петрозаводский государственный университет», Петрозаводск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины», Санкт-Петербург;&#13;
Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg;&#13;
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины», Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Институт медико-биологических проблем Российской академии наук, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Science Center of the Russian Federation, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины», Санкт-Петербург;&#13;
Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg;Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kardiomag, 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Kardiomag</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kardiomag</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2232">https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2232</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель    Сопоставить результаты клинического, лабораторного и генетического обследования пациентов с семейной гиперхолестеринемией (СГХС).</p><p>Материал и методы  Обследованы 112 пациентов, средний возраст 40,2±17,9 года, 49 мужчин. Анализ гена рецептора липопротеидов низкой плотности – ЛНП (LDLR) проводили у пациентов с оценкой по критериям Dutch LipidClinic Network (DLCN) ≥6 баллов. Поиск мутации гена LDLR выполняли с помощью анализа конформационного полиморфизма и последующего секвенирования ДНК отдельных экзонов гена LDLR.</p><p>Результаты   Средние показатели липидного состава крови: общий ХС 10,12±2,32 ммоль / л, ХС ЛНП 7,72±2,3 ммоль / л. Липоидная дуга роговицы выявлена у 15 % пациентов, сухожильные ксантомы – у 31,8 %, ксантелазмы век – у 5,3 %. Типы мутаций гена LDLR: миссенс-мутации – 42,8 %, мутации, приводящие к преждевременному окончанию синтеза белка, – 41,1 %, делеции / инсерции в рамке считывания – 16,1 %. У пациентов с ИБС по сравнению с пациентами без ИБС при наличии мутации в 4‑м экзоне выявлены достоверно более высокие уровни общий ХС (10,88±2,08 ммоль / л против 8,74±1,57 ммоль / л соответственно; р=0,001) и ХС ЛНП (8,60±2,14 ммоль / л против 6,62±1,79 ммоль / л соответственно; р=0,005). У пациентов с ИБС по сравнению с пациентами без ИБС и мутацией в 9‑м экзоне гена LDLR выше был только уровень ХС ЛНП (8,96±1,53 ммоль / л против 6,92±1,59 ммоль / л соответственно; р=0,022). При дифференцированном сравнении пациентов с ИБС в зависимости от выявленного типа мутаций гена LDLR с помощью логистической регрессии получены формулы расчета отношения шансов развития ИБС и инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) с учетом возраста пациента и исходного уровня ЛНП.</p><p>Заключение     Частота выявления типов мутаций гена LDLR: миссенс-мутации – 42,8 %, мутации, приводящие к преждевременному окончанию синтеза белка, – 41,1 %, делеции / инсерции в рамке считывания – 16,1 %. Показатели липидного состава крови не различались у пациентов в разных городах и с различными типами мутаций гена LDLR. Выявлены различия в показателях липидного состава крови в зависимости от типов мутаций у больных ИБС.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim      To compare results of clinical, laboratory, and genetic examination of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FHC).</p><p>Material and methods  112 patients aged 40.2±17.9 years (49 men) were examined. The gene of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) was analyzed and evaluated using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criterion of lipid score ≥6. The LDLR gene mutation was searched for using the conformational polymorphism analysis followed by sequencing of the DNA of isolated LDLR gene exons.</p><p>Results Mean variables of the blood lipid profile were total cholesterol (C), 10.12±2.32 mmol/l, LDL-C, 7.72±2.3 mmol/l. Corneal arcus was observed in 15 % of patients, tendon xanthomas in 31.8 %, and xanthelasma palpebrarum in 5.3 %. The types of LDLR gene mutations included missense mutations (42.8 %), mutations causing a premature termination of protein synthesis (41.1 %), and frameshift mutations (16.1 %). In the presence of a mutation in exon 4, patients with IHD compared to patients with no IHD had significantly higher levels of total C (10.88±2.08 mmol/l vs. 8.74±1.57 mmol/l, respectively, р=0.001) and LDL-C (8.60±2.14 mmol/l vs. 6.62±1.79 mmol/l, respectively, р=0.005). Patients with IHD compared to patients with no IHD and a mutation in LDLR gene exon 9 had only a higher LDL-C level (8.96±1.53 mmol/l vs. 6.92±1.59 mmol/l, respectively, р=0.022). A differentiated comparison of IHD patients using a logistic regression depending on the identified type of LDLR gene mutation produced formulas for calculating the odds ratio of IHD and myocardial infarction (MI) with adjustments for the patient’s age and baseline LDL.</p><p>Conclusion      The detection rate of the LDLR gene mutations was 42.8 % for missense mutations, 41.1 % for mutations causing a premature termination of protein synthesis, and 16.1 % for frameshift mutations. Blood lipid profiles did not differ between patients from different cities and with different types of LDLR gene mutations. Blood lipid profiles were different in IHD patients depending on the mutation type.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Семейная гиперхолестеринемия</kwd><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>ген рецептора липопротеида низкой плотности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Familial hypercholesterolemia</kwd><kwd>ischemic heart disease</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>low-density lipoprotein receptor gene</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Источники финансирования отсутствуют.  Конфликт интересов не заявлен.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">No funding was received for this study.  No conflict of interest is reported.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berberich AJ, Hegele RA. The complex molecular genetics of familial hypercholesterolaemia. 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