<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kardiologiia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-9040</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-5660</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kardiomag</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18087/cardio.2023.8.n2139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardio-2139</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-морфологические особенности инфаркта миокарда у больных, перенесших новую коронавирусную инфекцию COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and Morphological Features of Myocardial Infarction in Patients With a New Coronavirus Infection COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-9813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завьялова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavyalova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой патологической анатомии Ф; врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения клиник; ведущий научный сотрудник отделения общей и молекулярной патологии Научно-исследовательского института онкологии Томского национального исследовательского медицинского центра РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Pathology, Head,  Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zavyalovamv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2133-5064</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неклюдов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neklyudov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры патологической анатомии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Pathology, Assistant</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n-co@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8260-9597</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завьялов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavyalov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент лечебного факультета </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zavyalov_alexsandr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0909-9206</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрюхова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andryukhova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор кафедры патологической анатомии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Pathology, Residen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenasergeevna9607@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2874-0193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Падеров</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paderov</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры патологической анатомии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Pathology, Associate Professor, Candidate of Medical Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yurii_paderov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5510-4689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балахонова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balakhonova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры кардиологии; руководитель учебно-методического отдела Научно-исследовательского института кардиологии Томского национального исследовательского медицинского центра РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Cardiology, Associate Professor, Candidate of Medical Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maria_balahonova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1909-1681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крахмаль</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krakhmal</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения клиник; доцент кафедры патологической анатомии  «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; старший научный сотрудник отделения общей и молекулярной патологии Научно-исследовательского института онкологии Томского национального исследовательского медицинского центра РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Pathology, Associate Professor, Candidate of Medical Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krakhmal@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1195-4008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вторушин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vtorushin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий патологоанатомическим отделением клиник ; профессор кафедры патологической анатомии Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; руководитель отделения общей и молекулярной патологии Научно-исследовательского института онкологии Томского национального исследовательского медицинского центра РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Pathology, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wtorushin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Томск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kardiomag, 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Kardiomag</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kardiomag</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2139">https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2139</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель    Анализ летальных исходов от инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) у больных, перенесших COVID-19.</p><p>Материал и методы  Изучали данные протоколов патологоанатомических исследований и историй болезни 612 пациентов, находившихся на лечении в клиниках СибГМУ с 01.01.2020 по 31.12.2021. Из них 68 (11 %) пациентов поступили в клиники переводом из респираторных госпиталей для реабилитации после перенесенной новой коронавирусной инфекции. Основным условием для госпитализации был негативный тест полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) на РНК вируса SARS-CoV-2. Не имели перенесенного COVID-19 в анамнезе 544 (89 %) больных. Частота развития ИМ составила 14 % (7 / 68) у больных, перенесших COVID-19, и 10 % (74 / 544) без такового. В протоколах патологоанатомических исследований и данных историй болезни 81 пациента с диагностированным ИМ оценивали макроскопические и гистологические изменения сердца, полости перикарда, коронарных артерий, результаты лабораторных исследований. Статистическую обработку полученных данных проводили с использованием пакета программ STATISTICА, версия 10.0.</p><p>Результаты   У пациентов, перенесших COVID-19, обнаружены меньший процент стеноза, более частое возникновение тромбоза коронарных артерий, положительный D-димер; по нашим данным, ИМ возникал спустя 10,0 (2,0; 21,0) дня от момента поступления в стационар, был обширнее по площади, всегда носил трансмуральный характер и приводил к быстрой смерти пациентов – срок некротических изменений во всех случаях не превышал 24 ч. На момент поступления пациентов в стационар тест ПЦР на РНК вируса SARS-CoV-2 был негативным, а острые воспалительные изменения купированы на предыдущем этапе госпитализации.</p><p>Заключение     Риск тромбообразования в коронарных артериях у пациентов, перенесших COVID-19, сохраняется после купирования признаков острого воспалительного ответа и элиминации инфекционного агента, создавая угрозу развития ИМ, нередко приводящего к летальному исходу.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim      To analyze fatal outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients after COVID-19.</p><p>Material and methods  Data of pathoanatomical protocols and case histories of 612 patients managed in clinics of the Siberian State Medical University from 01.01.2020 through 31.12.2021 were studied. 68 (11%) of these patients were transferred to the clinics from respiratory hospitals for rehabilitation after the novel coronavirus infection. The main condition for hospitalization was a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA. 544 (89%) of patients had no history of COVID-19. The incidence of MI was 14% (7/68) in patients after COVID-19 and 10% (74/544) in patients who have not had it. In pathoanatomical protocols and case histories of 81 patients diagnosed with MI, macroscopic and histological changes in the heart, pericardial cavity, coronary arteries, and laboratory results were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed with a STATISTICA version 10.0 software package.</p><p>Results The patients after COVID-19 had a lower percentage stenosis, more frequent coronary artery thrombosis, and a positive D-dimer. According to our data, MI emerged 10.0 (2.0; 21.0) days after admission to the hospital, had a larger area, always was transmural, and rapidly resulted in death; the time of necrotic changes in all cases did not exceed 24 h. Upon admission to the hospital, the PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA was negative, and acute inflammatory changes were stopped at the previous stage of hospitalization.</p><p>Conclusion      The risk of coronary thrombosis in patients after COVID-19 remains after the relief of acute inflammatory response and elimination of the infectious agent, thereby creating a risk of MI, that often leads to a fatal outcome.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Инфаркт миокарда</kwd><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>тромбоз коронарных артерий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>novel coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>coronary thrombosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Источники финансирования отсутствуют. Конфликт интересов не заявлен.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">No funding was received for this study. No conflict of interest is reported.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. World health statistics 2021: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. -Geneva: World Health Organization;2021. ISBN 978-92-4-002705-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. World health statistics 2021: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. -Geneva: World Health Organization;2021. ISBN 978-92-4-002705-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Здравоохранение в России. 2021. Статистический сборник. - М.: Росстат, 2021. - 171с. Доступно на: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Zdravoohran-2021.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal State Statistics Service. Health in Russia. 2021. Statistical book. -M.: Rosstat;2021. - 171 p. Av. at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Zdravoohran-2021.pdf]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vakili K, Fathi M, Pezeshgi A, Mohamadkhani A, Hajiesmaeili M, Rezaei-Tavirani M et al. Critical complications of COVID-19: A descriptive meta-analysis study. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2020;21(3):433–42. DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm.2020.03.129</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vakili K, Fathi M, Pezeshgi A, Mohamadkhani A, Hajiesmaeili M, Rezaei-Tavirani M et al. Critical complications of COVID-19: A descriptive meta-analysis study. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2020;21(3):433–42. DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm.2020.03.129</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойцов С.А. Грипп, новая коронавирусная инфекция и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания. Кардиологический вестник. 2021;16(1):5-9. DOI: 10.17116/Cardiobulletin2021160115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boytsov S.A. Influenza, novel coronavirus infection and cardiovascular diseases. Russian Cardiology Bulletin. 2021;16(1):5–9. DOI: 10.17116/Cardiobulletin2021160115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2020;41(2):145–51. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.is sn.0254-6450.2020.02.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2020;41(2):145–51. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.is sn.0254-6450.2020.02.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katsoularis I, Fonseca-Rodríguez O, Farrington P, Lindmark K, Fors Connolly A-M. Risk of acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke following COVID-19 in Sweden: a self-controlled case series and matched cohort study. The Lancet. 2021;398(10300):599– 607. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00896-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katsoularis I, Fonseca-Rodríguez O, Farrington P, Lindmark K, Fors Connolly A-M. Risk of acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke following COVID-19 in Sweden: a self-controlled case series and matched cohort study. The Lancet. 2021;398(10300):599– 607. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00896-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, Haberecker M, Andermatt R, Zinkernagel AS et al. Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. The Lancet. 2020;395(10234):1417–8. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30937-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, Haberecker M, Andermatt R, Zinkernagel AS et al. Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. The Lancet. 2020;395(10234):1417–8. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30937-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magadum A, Kishore R. Cardiovascular Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection. Cells. 2020;9(11):2508–29. DOI: 10.3390/cells9112508</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magadum A, Kishore R. Cardiovascular Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection. Cells. 2020;9(11):2508–29. DOI: 10.3390/cells9112508</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manolis A, Manolis T. Cardiovascular Complications of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection. Rhythmos. 2021;16(4):73–8. [Av. at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340445670]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manolis A, Manolis T. Cardiovascular Complications of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection. Rhythmos. 2021;16(4):73–8. [Av. at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340445670]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manolis AS, Manolis TA, Manolis AA, Melita H. The Controversy of Renin–Angiotensin-System Blocker Facilitation Versus Countering COVID-19 Infection. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 2020;76(4):397–406. DOI: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000894</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manolis AS, Manolis TA, Manolis AA, Melita H. The Controversy of Renin–Angiotensin-System Blocker Facilitation Versus Countering COVID-19 Infection. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 2020;76(4):397–406. DOI: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000894</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen L, Li X, Chen M, Feng Y, Xiong C. The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cardiovascular Research. 2020;116(6):1097–100. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa078</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen L, Li X, Chen M, Feng Y, Xiong C. The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cardiovascular Research. 2020;116(6):1097–100. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa078</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ambrose JA, Bhullar AS. Inflammation and thrombosis in coronary atherosclerosis: pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical correlations. European Medical Journal. 2019;4(1):71–8. [Av. at: https://www.emjreviews.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/03/Inflammation-and-Thrombosis-in-Coronary-Atherosclerosis-Pathophysiologic-Mechanisms-and-Clinical-Correlations.pdf]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ambrose JA, Bhullar AS. Inflammation and thrombosis in coronary atherosclerosis: pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical correlations. European Medical Journal. 2019;4(1):71–8. [Av. at: https://www.emjreviews.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/03/Inflammation-and-Thrombosis-in-Coronary-Atherosclerosis-Pathophysiologic-Mechanisms-and-Clinical-Correlations.pdf]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Libby P, Lüscher T. COVID-19 is, in the end, an endothelial disease. European Heart Journal. 2020;41(32):3038–44. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa623</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Libby P, Lüscher T. COVID-19 is, in the end, an endothelial disease. European Heart Journal. 2020;41(32):3038–44. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa623</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poonia A, Giridhara P, Arora YK, Sharma V. ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients with Covid-19 – A case series. IHJ Cardiovascular Case Reports. 2021;5(3):142–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.ihjccr.2021.10.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poonia A, Giridhara P, Arora YK, Sharma V. ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients with Covid-19 – A case series. IHJ Cardiovascular Case Reports. 2021;5(3):142–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.ihjccr.2021.10.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwong JC, Schwartz KL, Campitelli MA, Chung H, Crowcroft NS, Karnauchow T et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction after LaboratoryConfirmed Influenza Infection. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2018;378(4):345–53. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1702090</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwong JC, Schwartz KL, Campitelli MA, Chung H, Crowcroft NS, Karnauchow T et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction after LaboratoryConfirmed Influenza Infection. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2018;378(4):345–53. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1702090</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klok FA, Kruip MJHA, van der Meer NJM, Arbous MS, Gommers DAMPJ, Kant KM et al. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thrombosis Research. 2020;191:145–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klok FA, Kruip MJHA, van der Meer NJM, Arbous MS, Gommers DAMPJ, Kant KM et al. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thrombosis Research. 2020;191:145–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm’ in COVID-19. The Journal of Infection. 2020;80(6):607– 13. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm’ in COVID-19. The Journal of Infection. 2020;80(6):607– 13. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manolis AS, Manolis TA, Manolis AA, Papatheou D, Melita H. COVID-19 Infection: Viral Macro- and Micro-Vascular Coagulopathy and Thromboembolism/Prophylactic and Therapeutic Management. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2021;26(1):12–24. DOI: 10.1177/1074248420958973</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manolis AS, Manolis TA, Manolis AA, Papatheou D, Melita H. COVID-19 Infection: Viral Macro- and Micro-Vascular Coagulopathy and Thromboembolism/Prophylactic and Therapeutic Management. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2021;26(1):12–24. DOI: 10.1177/1074248420958973</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choudry FA, Hamshere SM, Rathod KS, Akhtar MM, Archbold RA, Guttmann OP et al. High Thrombus Burden in Patients With COVID-19 Presenting With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020;76(10):1168– 76. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.07.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choudry FA, Hamshere SM, Rathod KS, Akhtar MM, Archbold RA, Guttmann OP et al. High Thrombus Burden in Patients With COVID-19 Presenting With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020;76(10):1168– 76. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.07.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaur P, Patel P, Singh B, Guragai N, Vasudev R, Virk HS et al. ST-Segment Elevation in Patients with COVID-19: A Late Complication. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 2021;361(3):403–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.09.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaur P, Patel P, Singh B, Guragai N, Vasudev R, Virk HS et al. ST-Segment Elevation in Patients with COVID-19: A Late Complication. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 2021;361(3):403–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.09.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gawałko M, Kapłon-Cieślicka A, Hohl M, Dobrev D, Linz D. COVID-19 associated atrial fibrillation: Incidence, putative mechanisms and potential clinical implications. IJC Heart &amp; Vasculature. 2020;30(1):100631–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100631</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gawałko M, Kapłon-Cieślicka A, Hohl M, Dobrev D, Linz D. COVID-19 associated atrial fibrillation: Incidence, putative mechanisms and potential clinical implications. IJC Heart &amp; Vasculature. 2020;30(1):100631–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100631</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schiavone M, Gobbi C, Biondi-Zoccai G, D’Ascenzo F, Palazzuoli A, Gasperetti A et al. Acute Coronary Syndromes and Covid-19: Exploring the Uncertainties. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(6):1683– 702. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061683</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schiavone M, Gobbi C, Biondi-Zoccai G, D’Ascenzo F, Palazzuoli A, Gasperetti A et al. Acute Coronary Syndromes and Covid-19: Exploring the Uncertainties. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(6):1683– 702. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061683</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aboughdir M, Kirwin T, Abdul Khader A, Wang B. Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Review. Viruses. 2020;12(5):E527–39. DOI: 10.3390/v12050527</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aboughdir M, Kirwin T, Abdul Khader A, Wang B. Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Review. Viruses. 2020;12(5):E527–39. DOI: 10.3390/v12050527</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yao Y, Cao J, Wang Q, Shi Q, Liu K, Luo Z et al. D-dimer as a biomarker for disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a case control study. Journal of Intensive Care. 2020;8(1):49–60. DOI: 10.1186/s40560-020-00466-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yao Y, Cao J, Wang Q, Shi Q, Liu K, Luo Z et al. D-dimer as a biomarker for disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a case control study. Journal of Intensive Care. 2020;8(1):49–60. DOI: 10.1186/s40560-020-00466-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fruchart J-C. Handbook of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Part 1. -France: University of Lille;2003. - 65p. [Av. at: https://slideplayer.com/slide/10465395/]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fruchart J-C. Handbook of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Part 1. -France: University of Lille;2003. - 65p. [Av. at: https://slideplayer.com/slide/10465395/]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah PK, Sharifi B. Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Plaque Rupture and Thrombosis. Chapter 10. P. 455-472. DOI: 10.1007/0- 387-36279-3_21. In: Biochemistry of Atherosclerosis Cheema SK, editor Springer US;2006. ISBN: 978-0-387-31252-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah PK, Sharifi B. Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Plaque Rupture and Thrombosis. Chapter 10. P. 455-472. DOI: 10.1007/0- 387-36279-3_21. In: Biochemistry of Atherosclerosis Cheema SK, editor Springer US;2006. ISBN: 978-0-387-31252-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рагино Ю.И., Волков А.М., Чернявский А.М. Стадии развития атеросклеротической бляшки и нестабильные типы бляшек: патофизиологическая и гистологическая характеристика. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2013;18(5):88-95. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2013-5-88-95</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ragino Yu.I., Volkov A.M., Chernyavskiy A.M. Stages of atherosclerotic plaque development and unstable plaque types: pathophysiologic and histologic characteristics. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2013;18(5):88–95. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2013-5-88-95</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
