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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kardiologiia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-9040</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-5660</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kardiomag</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18087/cardio.2018.8.10149</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardio-176</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЗНОЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MISCELLANEOUS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Социально-демографические и поведенческие факторы и их влияние на 5-летнюю выживаемость у лиц старше 75 лет</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Social, Demographic and Behavioral Factors and Their Impact on 5-year Survival in Subjects Aged Over 75 Years in Moscow Population</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачёва</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkacheva</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьёва</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyeva</surname><given-names>Natalya M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котовская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotovskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России - ОСП «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России - ОСП «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр»; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Peoples Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>58</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kardiomag, 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Kardiomag</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kardiomag</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/176">https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/176</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Оценка влияния социально-демографических и поведенческих факторов на 5-летнюю выживаемость у лиц старше 75 лет, проживающих в Москве и Московской области. Материалы и методы. В проспективное наблюдательное исследование включили 283 пациента (25% мужчин) в возрасте 75-98 лет (средний возраст 86,8±4,3 года), получавших плановое стационарное лечение в Российском геронтологическом научно-клиническом центре. При госпитализации регистрировали антропометрические показатели и проводили анкетирование с целью изучения социальных и поведенческих факторов, таких как образ жизни, привычки, характер питания и физическая активность. Период наблюдения составил 5 лет. Конечная точка -смерть от любых причин. Результаты. За время наблюдения (медиана 3,8 года) умерли 105 (37,1%) пациентов. Анализ выживаемости по методу Каплана-Мейера выявил ряд параметров, влияющих на 5-летнюю выживаемость лиц старше 75 лет: возраст, дефицит и избыток массы тела, употребление менее 1 л жидкости в сутки, отход ко сну после 24 ч, ночной сон продолжительностью &gt;10 ч, физическая активность и донорство крови в анамнезе. Последующий многофакторный анализ с поправкой на возраст и пол идентифицировал дефицит (относительный риск - ОР 7,36 при 95 % доверительном интервале - ДИ от 2,15 до 25,26; р=0,001) и избыток (ОР 0,47 при 95% ДИ от 0,25 до 0,87; р=0,016) массы тела, отход ко сну после 24 ч (ОР 2,53 при 95% ДИ от 1,32 до 4,85; р=0,005), ночной сон продолжительностью &gt;10 ч (ОР 3,89 при 95% ДИ от 1,77 до 8,59; р=0,001) и донорство крови в анамнезе (ОР 0,24 при 95% ДИ от 0,09 до 0,62; р=0,003) в качестве независимых предикторов 5-летней выживаемости у лиц старше 75 лет. Заключение. У лиц старше 75 лет поздний отход ко сну, длительная продолжительность ночного сна и дефицит массы тела увеличивают риск смерти в ближайшие 5 лет в 2,5, 3,9 и 7,4 раза соответственно, а избыточная масса тела и донорство крови в анамнезе ассоциируются со снижением риска смерти на 53 и 76%.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to study the impact of social, demographic and behavioral factors on 5-year survival rate in persons older than 75 years living in Moscow and the Moscow region. Materials and methods. We included in this prospective observational study 283 patients (25% men, age 75-98, mean 86.8±4.3 years) after stay at the Russian gerontological clinical research center. To study social and behavioral factors we recorded anthropometric parameters and used questionnaires. Duration of follow-up was 5 years. Endpoint was death from any cause. Results. One hundred five patients (37.1%) died during the follow-up (median 3.8 years). Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method revealed a number of parameters that affected 5-year survival: age, deficient and excessive body weight, consumption of less than 1 liter of water per day, start of the night sleep after midnight, nighttime sleep duration &gt;10 h, level of physical activity and history of blood donation. At multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex the following factors were independently associated with death during follow-up: weight deficiency (hazard ratio [HR] 7.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.15-25.26, p=0.001), second degree obesity (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.25-0.87, p=0.016), start of night sleep after midnight (HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.32-4.85, p=0.005), nighttime sleep duration ≥10 h (HR 3.89, 95% CI 1.77-8.59, p=0.001), and history of blood donation (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.09-0.62, p=0.003). Conclusion. In people older than 75 years late sleep initiation and long duration of night sleep, and weight loss increase the risk of death in the next 5 by years, 2.5, 3.9 and 7.4 times, respectively, while overweight and history of blood donation are associated with 53% and 76% reduction of the risk of death.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пожилой и старческий возраст</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd><kwd>предикторы</kwd><kwd>социально-демографические факторы</kwd><kwd>elderly</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>predictors</kwd><kwd>social factors</kwd><kwd>demographic factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральная служба государственной статистики Российской Федерации. http:// www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statis-tics /population / demography /</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Федеральная служба государственной статистики Российской Федерации. http:// www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statis-tics /population / demography /</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серова Л. 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