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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kardiologiia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-9040</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-5660</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kardiomag</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18087/cardio.2020.8.n1307</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardio-1307</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕДАКЦИОННАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDITORIAL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности комбинированной терапии на раннем этапе течения новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Разбор клинических случаев и дизайн исследования: Бромгексин И Спиронолактон для лечения КоронаВирусной Инфекции, Требующей госпитализации (БИСКВИТ)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Combination therapy at an early stage of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Case series and design of the clinical trial “BromhexIne and Spironolactone for CoronаvirUs Infection requiring hospiTalization (BISCUIT)”</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7285-2048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мареев</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mareev</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chief Researcher Medical Research and Education Center of Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosova, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prof_mareev@ossn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-5612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руководитель отдела Возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Age-Associated Diseases Medical Research Center of Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosova</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">5163002@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7693-5281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павликова</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlikova</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заместитель директорапо клинической работе, Главный врач</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Director Clinical Work, Chief Physician Medical Research and Education Center of Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosova</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">epavlikova@mc.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5670-167X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мацкеплишвили</surname><given-names>С. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matskeplishvili</surname><given-names>S. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заместитель директора по научной работе, врач-кардиолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Director for Research, Cardiologist Medical Research and Education Center of Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosova</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">simonmats@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акопян</surname><given-names>Ж. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akopyan</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заместитель директора МНОЦ МГУ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Director of the Moscow State University</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhanna.fbm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плисюк</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plisyk</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">emseredenina@mc.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-2078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Середенина</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seredenina</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий отделением терапии, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Therapy, Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apl.cardio@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асратян</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asratyan</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий  отделением травматологии, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Traumatology, Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.asratyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапенко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий приемным отделением, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Admissions Department, Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">potapenkoanv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малахов</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malakhov</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий отделением анестезиологии и реанимации</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, ISRC, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pmalahov@mc.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6734-3989</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самоходская</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samokhodskaya</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий отделом лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Laboratory Diagnostics Department Medical Research and Education Center of Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosova</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">slm@fbm.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1266-4926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мершина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mershina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. отделением рентгенодиагностики, КТ и МРТ, врач-рентгенолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head Department of X-ray diagnostics, CT and MRI, radiologist Medical Scientific and Educational Center of Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosova</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena_mershina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5649-2193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицин</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий отделом лучевой диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Radiation Diagnostics Medical Research and Educational Center of Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosova</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vsini@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буланова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulanova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mariabulanova98@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фукс</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fuks</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">myfannamail@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-7189</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мареев</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mareev</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mareev84@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-6081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беграмбекова</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Begrambekova</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading Researcher Medical Research and Education Center of Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosova</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">julia.begrambekova@ossn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4251-7545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камалов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamalov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Директор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director Medical Research and Educational Center of Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosova</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kamalov@mc.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>«Медицинский научно образовательный центр МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова», Москва, Россия&#13;
Факультет фундаментальной медицины МГУ имени М.В.Ломоносова, Москва, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Research and Educational Center of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia&#13;
School of Basic Medicine of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>«Медицинский научно образовательный центр МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова», Москва, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Research and Educational Center of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Факультет фундаментальной медицины МГУ имени М.В.Ломоносова, Москва, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>School of Basic Medicine of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>«Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины», Москва, Россия;&#13;
«Робертсоновский центр биостатистики», Университет Глазго, Великобритания</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Centre for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia&#13;
Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Glasgow, Great Britain</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kardiomag, 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Kardiomag</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kardiomag</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1307">https://cardio.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1307</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена вопросу эффективного лечения новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) на ранних стадиях болезни. Обосновывается необходимость противовирусной терапии и снижения вирусной нагрузки с целью не допустить прогрессирования инфекции. Констатируется отсутствие специфической противовирусной терапии именно в отношении вируса SARS-CoV-2. Разбираются результаты первых рандомизированных исследований по применению лопинавира / ритонавира, ремдесивира и фавипиравира при COVID-19, и их потенциал в лечении новой коронавирусной инфекции. Среди препаратов, блокирующих вход вируса в клетки, наибольшее внимание было уделено противомалярийным препаратам хлорохину и гидроксихлорохину. В статье подробно анализируются неэффективность, а также потенциальная опасность гидроксихлорохина, не показавшего снижения сроков клинического восстановления и улучшения прогноза больных с COVID-19. Главной темой является обоснование возможности применения муколитического и противокашлевого препарата бромгексина, блокирующего трансмембранную сериновую протеазу 2, необходимую для проникновения вируса SARS-CoV-2 в клетки. Аналогичным свойством может обладать и спиронолактон, который за счет антиандрогенных эффектов блокирует связанные с Х-хромосомой синтез рецепторов АПФ-2 и активизацию трансмембранной сериновой протеазы 2. Кроме замедления входа в клетки, спиронолактон уменьшает выраженность фиброза различных органов, в том числе легких. Основная часть статьи посвящена клиническим примерам ведения пациентов в Университетской клинике МНОЦ МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова, в том числе с успешным использованием схемы лечения пациентов с COVID 19, включающей в себя бромгексин и спиронолактон. В заключении приводится дизайн рандомизированного проспективного исследования БИСКВИТ, проводившегося в Университетской клинике МГУ. Его целью явилось изучение эффективности предложенной схемы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article focuses on effective treatment of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) at early stages and substantiates the requirement for antiviral therapy and for decreasing the viral load to prevent the infection progression. The absence of a specific antiviral therapy for the SARS-CoV-2 virus is stated. The authors analyzed results of early randomized studies using lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, and favipiravir in COVID-19 and their potential for the treatment of novel coronavirus infection. Among the drugs blocking the virus entry into cells, the greatest attention was paid to the antimalaria drugs, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. The article addresses in detail ineffectiveness and potential danger of hydroxychloroquine, which demonstrated neither a decrease in the time of clinical recovery nor any improvement of prognosis for patients with COVID-19. The major objective was substantiating a possible use of bromhexine, a mucolytic and anticough drug, which can inhibit transmembrane serin protease 2 required for entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into cells. Spironolactone may have a similar feature. Due to its antiandrogenic effects, spironolactone can inhibit X-chromosome-related synthesis of ACE-2 receptors and activation of transmembrane serin protease 2. In addition to slowing the virus entry into cells, spironolactone decreases severity of fibrosis in different organs, including the lungs. The major part of the article addresses clinical examples of managing patients with COVID-19 at the University Clinic of the Medical Research and Educational Centre of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, including successful treatment with schemes containing bromhexine and spironolactone. In conclusion, the authors described the design of a randomized, prospective BISCUIT study performed at the University Clinic of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University with an objective of evaluating the efficacy of this scheme.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>бромгексин</kwd><kwd>спиронолактон</kwd><kwd>вирусная нагрузка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>bromhexine</kwd><kwd>spironolactone</kwd><kwd>virus load</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания МНОЦ МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова, также работы поддержаны грантом РФФИ 20‑04‑60487.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the State Assignment of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow State University; the work was also supported by the RFBR grant 20-04-60487.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Medicine. 2020;46(5):846–8. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-05991-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Medicine. 2020;46(5):846–8. 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